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Related Concept Videos

Diversity of Antigen Receptors01:28

Diversity of Antigen Receptors

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Antigen receptors are essential components of the immune system crucial in defending the body against foreign invaders. These receptors are present on the surface of B and T cells, enabling them to recognize antigens and mount an appropriate immune response.
Before encountering any antigen, lymphocytes express these receptors. On B cells, the antigen receptor is a membrane-bound antibody molecule called BCR; on T cells, it is a T cell receptor or TCR. B and T cell receptors are composed of two...
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Cell Diversity01:13

Cell Diversity

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The concept of a cell started with microscopic observations of dead cork tissue by Robert Hooke in 1665. Hooke coined the term "cell" based on the resemblance of the small subdivisions in the cork to the rooms that monks inhabited, called cells. About ten years later, Antonie van Leeuwenhoek became the first person to observe the living and moving cells under a microscope. In the century that followed, the theory that cells represented the basic unit of life developed.
Multicellular...
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Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses01:22

Diversity in Cell Signaling Responses

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The physiological function of a cell and cellular communication are outcomes of a range of extrinsic signals, intracellular signaling pathways, and cellular responses. No two cell types express the same repertoire of signaling components. Receptors are highly selective for their cognate ligands, but once activated, they can alter multiple cellular processes such as DNA transcription, protein synthesis, and metabolic activity. 
Graded and Abrupt Responses
Some signaling systems generate...
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T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection01:22

T Cell Activation and Clonal Selection

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T cells are integral to our adaptive immune system, recognizing and effectively responding to foreign antigens. T cell activation and clonal selection are pivotal in orchestrating this immune response. This article elucidates these mechanisms, detailing the roles of cluster of differentiation (CD) markers, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules, costimulatory signals, and the process of clonal selection.
Naive T cells that have not yet encountered an antigen express two primary CD...
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T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

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When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
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B Cell Activation and Differentiation01:24

B Cell Activation and Differentiation

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The adaptive immune response, a sophisticated defense mechanism, relies on the activation and differentiation of B lymphocytes, or B cells. These processes enable our bodies to mount a tailored response against specific pathogens such as bacteria, free virus particles, toxins, and parasites.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Characterization of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells by Imaging Flow Cytometry: A Comparison between Two Monocyte Isolation Protocols
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Characterization of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells by Imaging Flow Cytometry: A Comparison between Two Monocyte Isolation Protocols

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Functional Diversity of Human Dendritic Cells.

Eynav Klechevsky1

  • 1Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, USA, eklechevsky@path.wustl.edu.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|September 2, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Human skin dendritic cells (DCs) are key immune regulators. Understanding their unique functions and species differences is crucial for developing new treatments for autoimmune diseases, inflammation, and cancer.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Dermatology

Background:

  • Dendritic cells (DCs) bridge innate and adaptive immunity, acting as critical antigen-presenting cells.
  • DCs are a heterogeneous cell population with diverse functions, locations, and surface markers.
  • While mouse DC subsets are well-studied, human DC biology, particularly in the skin, remains less understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the biology of human skin dendritic cells.
  • To describe tolerogenic principles essential for immune homeostasis and inflammation control.
  • To explore mechanisms for inducing immunity and potential therapeutic applications.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of human and mouse dendritic cell subsets.
  • Analysis of dendritic cell function in immune reactivity and tolerance.

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Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes
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Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes

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An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets
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An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Characterization of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells by Imaging Flow Cytometry: A Comparison between Two Monocyte Isolation Protocols
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Characterization of Human Monocyte-derived Dendritic Cells by Imaging Flow Cytometry: A Comparison between Two Monocyte Isolation Protocols

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Generation of Immature, Mature and Tolerogenic Dendritic Cells with Differing Metabolic Phenotypes
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An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets
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An Efficient and High Yield Method for Isolation of Mouse Dendritic Cell Subsets

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  • Discussion of species-specific differences and functional homology.

    • Main Results:

    • Human skin DCs play critical roles in immune homeostasis, inflammation, and immunity.
    • Tolerogenic principles governed by DCs are vital for preventing autoimmunity.
    • Mechanisms for DC-mediated immunity offer therapeutic potential for diseases like cancer.

    Conclusions:

    • Human skin DCs are crucial for immune balance and can be therapeutically targeted.
    • Understanding species-specific DC functions is essential for clinical translation.
    • Further research into functional homology between mouse and human DCs is needed.