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Tumor Immunotherapy

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Treatment Resistent Cancers

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Treatment Resistant Cancers

Cancer is the second leading cause of death in the United States. A cancer cell is genetically unstable and hence can mutate faster. They can also modify their microenvironment and escape immune surveillance. The difficulties in treating cancer are further compounded by the emergence of rapid resistance to anticancer drugs. The most common ways to attain resistance in cancer cells include alteration in drug transport and metabolism, modification of drug target, elevated DNA damage response, or...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy

Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy

Published on: December 17, 2019

CAR therapy: the CD19 paradigm.

Michel Sadelain

The Journal of Clinical Investigation

|September 2, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Genetic engineering of T cells using Chimeric Antigen Receptors (CARs) offers a promising immunotherapy for B cell malignancies. CD19-specific CAR therapy has shown dramatic results in clinical trials for leukemia and lymphoma.

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Last Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Manufacturing Chimeric Antigen Receptor CAR T Cells for Adoptive Immunotherapy

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Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care

Generation of CAR T Cells for Adoptive Therapy in the Context of Glioblastoma Standard of Care

Published on: February 16, 2015

Area of Science:

Immunology
Oncology
Biotechnology

Background:

T cell genetic engineering has evolved into a significant therapeutic approach.
Chimeric antigen receptors (CARs) are key to instructing T cells to target tumor cells.
Second-generation CARs enhance T cell functionality and persistence through costimulation.

Purpose of the Study:

To review the development and milestones of CD19 CAR therapy.
To summarize key learnings from the CD19 CAR paradigm.
To highlight the increasing adoption of T cell immunotherapies.

Main Methods:

Review of historical data and clinical trial outcomes.
Analysis of T cell genetic engineering techniques, focusing on CARs.
Examination of CD19 as a target for CAR T cell therapy.

Main Results:

CD19-specific CAR-engineered T cells eradicated B cell malignancies in preclinical models.
Phase I clinical trials demonstrated significant efficacy in patients with leukemia and lymphoma, particularly acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).
The CD19 CAR paradigm has provided valuable insights into T cell immunotherapy.

Conclusions:

CD19 CAR therapy represents a major advancement in treating B cell malignancies.
Lessons learned from CD19 CARs inform future immunotherapy development.
The success of CD19 CARs supports the broader application of T cell engineering in cancer treatment.