Chitosan coated vancomycin hydrochloride liposomes: Characterizations and evaluation

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Pharmaceutical Sciences
• Infectious Diseases

Background:

• Vancomycin hydrochloride (VANH) is crucial for treating gram-positive bacterial infections but can cause nephrotoxicity.
• Developing effective intravenous drug delivery systems is essential to improve therapeutic outcomes and minimize side effects.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate chitosan coated liposomes (c-Lips) as a nanocarrier for intravenous delivery of vancomycin hydrochloride (VANH).
• To enhance therapeutic efficacy and reduce nephrotoxicity associated with VANH treatment.

Main Methods:

• Vancomycin hydrochloride liposomes (VANH-Lips) were prepared using a modified reverse phase evaporation method.
• Chitosan wrapped vancomycin hydrochloride liposomes (c-VANH-Lips) were formulated via electrostatic deposition.
• Characterization included size, polydispersity index, zeta potential, drug entrapment efficiency, and drug loading.

Main Results:

• Optimized c-VANH-Lips exhibited uniform size (220.40 nm), narrow PI (0.21), and positive zeta potential (25.7 mV).
• In vitro studies showed sustained release of VANH from c-VANH-Lips, following Weibull kinetics.
• In vivo studies in mice demonstrated longer retention time, higher AUC, and reduced kidney distribution of VANH delivered via c-VANH-Lips compared to controls.

Conclusions:

• Injectable c-VANH-Lips represent a promising nanocarrier for intravenous vancomycin hydrochloride delivery.
• This system enhances therapeutic efficacy against gram-positive bacterial infections while mitigating nephrotoxicity.
• Chitosan coated liposomes offer significant clinical value for long-term vancomycin hydrochloride therapy.