Clinical implications of vitamin D deficiency

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Geriatrics
• Public Health

Background:

• Vitamin D deficiency is a widespread global health concern.
• Prevalence increases with latitude, obesity, sedentary habits, reduced sun exposure, and aging.
• Vitamin D deficiency is associated with higher cardiovascular risks and mortality.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review the role of vitamin D and its deficiency.
• To examine clinical implications, focusing on peri- and postmenopausal women.
• To identify risk factors and potential benefits of supplementation.

Main Methods:

• Literature review on vitamin D deficiency and its clinical implications.
• Analysis of risk factors, particularly in post-menopausal women.
• Consideration of prevention and treatment strategies.

Main Results:

• Common risk factors in post-menopausal women include limited sun exposure, inadequate dietary intake, winter season, and advanced age.
• Vitamin D deficiency is linked to comorbidities like obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes, and hypertension.
• Vitamin D deficiency impacts various stages of the aging process.

Conclusions:

• Vitamin D supplementation may prevent falls and fractures in post-menopausal women.
• Supplementation may benefit cardiovascular health, particularly in osteoporotic and elderly individuals.
• Prevention and treatment involve education on sunlight exposure and cholecalciferol supplementation.