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Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

42
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
42
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment01:08

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Dose Adjustments Due to Hepatic Impairment

346
Hepatic impairment, characterized by decreased liver function, does not uniformly mandate adjustments in drug dosage. Whether dosage modifications are necessary depends on various factors related to the drug's metabolism and elimination pathways. If a drug is primarily excreted via the kidneys and bypasses significant hepatic processing, if it undergoes minimal metabolic transformation in the liver, or if it is volatile and primarily expelled through the lungs, dose adjustments may not be...
346
Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors01:16

Hepatic Drug Excretion: Influencing Factors

744
The biliary system of the liver, crucial for bile secretion and drug excretion, comprises intrahepatic bile ducts that merge to form the common hepatic duct. This duct, carrying hepatic bile, combines with the cystic duct, draining the gallbladder and forming the common bile duct, which empties into the duodenum. Bile, produced by hepatic cells lining the bile canaliculi, is composed primarily of water, bile salts, pigments, electrolytes, and lesser amounts of cholesterol and fatty acids. Bile...
744
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

257
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
257
Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions01:26

Pharmacokinetics: Drug–Food and Drug–Viral Interactions

529
A drug interaction occurs when the concurrent use of another drug, food, or an external substance alters the pharmacological activity of a drug. This interaction can modify the action of the original drug, affecting its effectiveness and safety.Drug–food interactions are significant as they impact drug absorption, metabolism, and excretion. For example, grapefruit juice is a well-known disruptor of drug metabolism. It inhibits the cytochrome P450 3A4 enzyme, crucial for the metabolism of...
529
Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis01:30

Inhibitors of Viral Protein Synthesis

32
Protein synthesis is indispensable for viral replication, as viruses lack the cellular machinery required for this process and must hijack the host's translational apparatus. In response, host cells deploy a critical innate immune defense involving interferons, specialized cytokines that play a central role in inhibiting viral propagation.Upon viral detection, infected cells release interferons that bind to receptors on adjacent uninfected cells, activating the JAK-STAT signaling pathway and...
32

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Rapid Screening of HIV Reverse Transcriptase and Integrase Inhibitors
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Asunaprevir for hepatitis C: a safety evaluation.

Ivan Gentile1, Emanuela Zappulo1, Antonio Riccardo Buonomo1

  • 1a University of Naples "Federico II", Department of Clinical Medicine and Surgery , via S. Pansini 5, I-80131 Naples, Italy +39 081 746 3178 ; +39 081 746 3190 ; c.fid@hotmail.com.

Expert Opinion on Drug Safety
|September 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Asunaprevir (ASV) is a direct-acting antiviral effective against hepatitis C virus genotypes 1 and 4. This protease inhibitor shows good tolerability in interferon-free regimens but is not recommended for patients with advanced liver disease.

Keywords:
BMS-650032DAAHCVNS3 proteasebeclabuvirdaclatasvirinterferon-free

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Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) agents have transformed hepatitis C virus (HCV) treatment.
  • Non-structural 3 protease inhibitors represent the most common class of DAAs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the tolerability and safety of asunaprevir (ASV)-containing DAA regimens.
  • To evaluate ASV's efficacy in treating HCV genotypes 1 and 4.

Main Methods:

  • Review of clinical data on asunaprevir (ASV).
  • Focus on safety, tolerability, and drug-drug interactions of ASV-based regimens.
  • Assessment of efficacy across different HCV genotypes.

Main Results:

  • Asunaprevir (ASV) demonstrates potent antiviral activity and clinical efficacy against HCV genotypes 1 and 4.
  • The combination of daclatasvir/ASV achieved high eradication rates in HCV genotype 1b and 4, with lower efficacy in genotype 1a.
  • ASV exhibits a low potential for drug-drug interactions and good tolerability in various regimens.

Conclusions:

  • Asunaprevir (ASV) is a valuable agent for HCV treatment, particularly in genotype-tailored, interferon-free combinations.
  • ASV is associated with transient, mild aminotransferase elevations in a small percentage of patients.
  • Use of ASV is contraindicated in patients with moderate to severe hepatic impairment due to pharmacokinetic alterations.