Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Hepatitis01:25

Hepatitis

42
Hepatitis is an inflammatory condition of the liver most commonly caused by hepatotropic viruses (A–E), though non-infectious causes such as alcohol and drugs also exist.Hepatitis AHepatitis A virus (HAV) is a non-enveloped RNA virus of the Picornaviridae family. It is primarily transmitted via the fecal-oral route, typically through ingestion of contaminated food or water. After ingestion, HAV enters the bloodstream through the oropharynx or intestinal epithelium and reaches the liver.
42
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism01:24

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Metabolism

337
In pediatric care, understanding the nuances of hepatic drug metabolism is crucial, as it significantly differs from that of adults. This divergence is primarily due to the developmental stage of drug-metabolizing enzymes, which affects how medications are processed in the body. In neonates, for instance, the activity of Phase I enzymes—critical for the initial breakdown of drugs—is markedly reduced, functioning at just 20–40% of the levels seen in adults. This reduction poses...
337
Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test01:22

Effect of Hepatic Disease on Pharmacokinetics: Pathophysiologic Assessment and Liver Function Test

257
In clinical practice, the direct measurement of hepatic blood flow to evaluate liver function presents significant challenges due to the intricate and specialized nature of the necessary techniques. Consequently, healthcare professionals often rely on empirical estimates derived from thorough patient examinations and liver function tests to gauge liver health. Among the tools at their disposal, the Child–Pugh and MELD scoring systems stand out for their ability to categorize and assess...
257
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption01:23

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Overview and Drug Absorption

750
Understanding the physiological differences in the pediatric population is crucial for effective pharmacotherapy. Neonates, infants, and children exhibit significant variations in gastric pH, gastric emptying time, intestinal transit time, and biliary function. These variations profoundly affect oral drug absorption, necessitating a nuanced approach to pediatric dosing.Neonates present with a unique physiological profile, having a gastric pH greater than 4 and faster and more irregular gastric...
750
Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion01:26

Pharmacokinetics in Pediatric Patients: Drug Excretion

377
In pediatric medicine, understanding the renal function and drug elimination nuances is crucial for administering safe and effective treatments. Newborns, in particular, display markedly slower renal functions than adults, profoundly affecting how drugs are cleared from their bodies. This slower drug clearance requires clinicians to extend the dosing intervals for many medications to prevent drug accumulation and toxicity while ensuring therapeutic efficacy.One key area where these adjustments...
377
Cytomegalovirus Disease01:27

Cytomegalovirus Disease

30
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) disease is caused by human cytomegalovirus, a double-stranded DNA virus of the Herpesviridae family. While primary CMV infection is often asymptomatic in immunocompetent individuals, the virus can cause severe disease in neonates and immunocompromised patients. CMV is the most common cause of congenital viral infection in the United States, and a major pathogen in solid organ and hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients.CMV is transmitted via bodily fluids, sexual...
30

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Paediatric Non Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) on the Context of the Global Epidemic of Obesity.

Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ·2026
Same author

Identification of Causes and Diagnostic Difficulty in Managing Paediatric Pancreatitis: Experience at A Tertiary Care Center of Resource-Constraint Country.

Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ·2025
Same author

Serum Vitamin D Status in Infants with Cholestatic Jaundice.

Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ·2024
Same author

Very Early Onset Inflammatory Bowel Disease: Diagnostic and Therapeutic Challenges for Pediatric Gastroenterologists.

Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ·2024
Same author

Study on Body Mass Index and Fasting Serum Glucose in Postmenopausal Women.

Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ·2023
Same author

Comparison of Serum Zinc in Children of Wilson Disease and Non-Wilsonian Volunteers in Bangladesh.

Mymensingh medical journal : MMJ·2023

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
10:37

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Published on: October 20, 2021

3.5K

Chronic Hepatitis B in Children - A Review.

M Rukunuzzaman1, M B Karim

  • 1Dr Md Rukunuzzaman, Associate Professor, Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Dhaka, Bangladesh;

Mymensingh Medical Journal : MMJ
|September 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection affects millions in Bangladesh, primarily children. Prevention through vaccination and immunoprophylaxis is crucial due to complex treatment and high costs.

More Related Videos

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice
07:25

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Published on: September 25, 2019

7.5K
Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
09:02

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Published on: June 5, 2020

8.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix
10:37

Analysis of HBV-Specific CD4 T-cell Responses and Identification of HLA-DR-Restricted CD4 T-Cell Epitopes Based on a Peptide Matrix

Published on: October 20, 2021

3.5K
Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice
07:25

Stem Cell-Derived Viral Ag-Specific T Lymphocytes Suppress HBV Replication in Mice

Published on: September 25, 2019

7.5K
Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells
09:02

Modeling Hepatitis B Virus Infection in Non-Hepatic 293T-NE-3NRs Cells

Published on: June 5, 2020

8.0K

Area of Science:

  • Hepatology
  • Virology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection is a global health concern, with Bangladesh experiencing a 3% prevalence, largely driven by childhood infections.
  • Chronic HBV infection presents complex management challenges, particularly in pediatric populations, due to asymptomatic phases and limited treatment options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the epidemiology and management of chronic Hepatitis B Virus (HBV) infection in Bangladesh.
  • To emphasize the importance of prevention strategies like vaccination and immunoprophylaxis in resource-limited settings.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of HBV prevalence, transmission, and treatment guidelines.
  • Analysis of treatment efficacy and cost-effectiveness in the context of Bangladesh.

Main Results:

  • Chronic HBV infection affects approximately 10 million people in Bangladesh, with perinatal transmission being significant in Southeast Asia.
  • Current treatments for chronic HBV are expensive, with limited success rates (17-32% for nucleosides, 58% for interferon), making them unsuitable for the general population.
  • Vaccination and immunoprophylaxis are identified as the most effective and rational prevention strategies for HBV in Bangladesh.

Conclusions:

  • Given the challenges in treating chronic HBV infection and the high cost of therapies, prevention is paramount in Bangladesh.
  • Universal HBV vaccination, initiated in 2004, and immunoprophylaxis for infants of HBsAg-positive mothers are critical public health interventions.