Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 4, 2026
16:56
Sublingual Immunotherapy as an Alternative to Induce Protection Against Acute Respiratory Infections
Published on: August 30, 2014
17.8K
[Vaccinations in respiratory medicine].
1Institut für klinische Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Luisenstr. 7, 10177, Berlin, Deutschland, haloheck@zedat.fu-berlin.de.
HNO
|September 3, 2015
Summary
Vaccinations effectively prevent respiratory infections like influenza and pneumococcal disease. Optimal timing for influenza vaccines is late in the year, while pneumococcal vaccines offer moderate to good protection against invasive strains.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Infectious Disease Epidemiology
- Vaccinology
Context:
- Vaccinations are crucial for preventing infectious diseases, particularly respiratory tract infections.
- Influenza and pneumococcal infections pose significant public health challenges.
- Current vaccination strategies require annual updates for influenza and involve polysaccharide or conjugate vaccines for pneumococcal disease.
Purpose:
- To review the efficacy and optimal administration of influenza and pneumococcal vaccines.
- To discuss the limitations and benefits of current vaccine formulations.
- To highlight the importance of timely vaccination for respiratory pathogen prevention.
Summary:
- Influenza vaccines (trivalent/quadrivalent) require annual strain updates, with late-year administration (November/December) recommended due to variable protection duration and potential mismatch.
- Two pneumococcal vaccines for adults include the 23-valent polysaccharide vaccine (PPV23), with debated efficacy but accepted moderate reduction in invasive infections, and the 13-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV13), demonstrating clinical efficacy (CAPiTA) but covering only 47% of circulating serotypes.
Impact:
- Informed vaccination timing can enhance protection against seasonal influenza.
- Understanding vaccine coverage gaps for pneumococcal disease may guide future vaccine development.
- Effective vaccination strategies are essential for reducing the burden of respiratory infections.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
01:51Vaccinations
54.0K
Overview
54.0K
01:25Transmission-based Precautions II: Airborne and Protective Environment
2.2K
Transmission-based precautions are for patients infected or suspected to be infected (or colonized) with organisms posing a significant risk to others. The transmission precautions include airborne and protective environment precautions.
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
Airborne precautions:
Use airborne precautions when treating patients known or suspected to have diseases that spread through the air—for example, tuberculosis or measles. These organisms are present in smaller droplets expelled by an infected person and...
2.2K
01:31Common Respiratory Disorders
1.8K
Respiratory disorders, a prevalent health concern globally, are generally divided into two primary categories: upper and lower respiratory tract disorders. The categorization is based on the area of the respiratory system they affect.
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
Upper respiratory disorders impact the airways above the vocal cords, encompassing areas like the nose, sinuses, and throat. Various conditions fall under this category, including the common cold and allergic rhinitis. These disorders can stem from several causes,...
1.8K
01:30Pneumonia V: Nursing management and Prevention
4.0K
Nursing management of pneumonia involves promoting airway patency, facilitating rest and conserving energy, encouraging fluid intake, maintaining nutrition, and educating patients.
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
The nurse must practice strict medical asepsis and adhere to infection control guidelines to minimize healthcare-associated infections.
Enhance airway patency
Position the patient correctly to facilitate drainage of the affected lung segments. Manual or mechanical percussion and vibration can also be employed....
4.0K
01:21Vaccines
49
Vaccines are among the most effective tools in preventive medicine, designed to prepare the immune system to recognize and combat infectious agents. By introducing antigens—substances that the immune system identifies as foreign—vaccines stimulate an adaptive immune response that leads to immunological memory. This immunological memory enables the body to mount a faster and more effective response upon future exposures to the actual pathogen.Vaccines can be categorized based on the...
49
01:29Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics
1.4K
Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
1.4K