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Missing teeth and pediatric obstructive sleep apnea.

Christian Guilleminault1, Vivien C Abad2, Hsiao-Yean Chiu2

  • 1Stanford University Sleep Medicine Division, Stanford Outpatient Medical Center, 450 Broadway Street, Pavilion B 2nd floor, MC 5730, Redwood City, CA, 94063-5730, USA. cguil@STANFORD.EDU.

Sleep & Breathing = Schlaf & Atmung
|September 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Children missing teeth due to dental agenesis or early extraction may have a higher risk of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). This can lead to a smaller oral cavity, predisposing to airway collapse and delayed diagnosis.

Keywords:
Alveolo-dental growthDental agenesisObstructive sleep apneaOral-facial developmentUpper airway collapsibility

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Dentistry
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Orthodontics

Background:

  • Missing teeth in early childhood can alter facial development and narrow the upper airway.
  • The study investigates the link between dental agenesis/early extractions and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the association between missing teeth (dental agenesis or early extraction) and obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) in children.
  • To compare children with missing teeth to those with tonsilloadenoid hypertrophy and OSA symptoms.

Main Methods:

  • Reviewed clinical data, polysomnographic sleep studies, and orthodontic imaging for children with dental agenesis (32) or early tooth extraction (11).
  • Compared findings to a control group (64) with normal teeth but tonsilloadenoid hypertrophy and OSA symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Children with missing teeth (n=43) exhibited clinical signs suggestive of OSA.
  • A significant difference in apnea-hypopnea indices (AHI) was observed across groups (p < 0.001).
  • In children with missing teeth, increasing age correlated with higher AHI (R²=0.71, p < 0.0001).

Conclusions:

  • Congenital dental agenesis or early tooth extraction can lead to a smaller oral cavity, increasing OSA risk.
  • OSA in these children may be diagnosed later due to subtle initial symptoms, potentially worsening over time.
  • Isolated dental agenesis, not part of a syndrome, was observed in the study group.