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Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Pupillary Response as Assessment of Effective Seizure Induction by Electroconvulsive Therapy
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Electroconvulsive therapy in Parkinson's disease.

Humberto Calderón-Fajardo1, Amin Cervantes-Arriaga1, Rodrigo Llorens-Arenas1

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|September 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) effectively manages refractory depression and psychosis in Parkinson disease patients. This treatment significantly improved psychiatric symptoms, offering a viable option when medications fail.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Parkinson disease (PD) often presents with debilitating neuropsychiatric symptoms.
  • Depression and psychosis in PD are frequently refractory to standard pharmacotherapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) for managing drug-refractory depression and/or psychosis in Parkinson disease patients.

Main Methods:

  • A retrospective analysis of 27 Parkinson disease patients treated with ECT between 2002 and 2013.
  • Literature review was conducted to supplement patient data.

Main Results:

  • All 27 patients demonstrated statistically significant symptom improvement post-ECT.
  • Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale and Hamilton Depression Rating Scale scores decreased by 52% and 50%, respectively.
  • Improvement was observed irrespective of whether patients had depression, psychosis, or both.

Conclusions:

  • Electroconvulsive therapy is a highly effective treatment for refractory neuropsychiatric symptoms in Parkinson disease.
  • ECT offers a valuable therapeutic option for patients with PD experiencing severe depression or psychosis unresponsive to medication.