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Multiple Multidentate Halogen Bonding in Solution, in the Solid State, and in the (Calculated) Gas Phase.

Stefan H Jungbauer1,2, Severin Schindler1,2, Eberhardt Herdtweck2

  • 1Fakultät für Chemie und Biochemie, Ruhr Universität Bochum, Universitätsstrasse 150, 44801 Bochum (Germany).

Chemistry (Weinheim an Der Bergstrasse, Germany)
|September 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Investigating halogen-bond donors and halides revealed that binding properties differ significantly between solid, solution, and gas phases. This highlights limitations in transferring binding data across different states for complex multidentate systems.

Keywords:
anionshalogen compoundsmolecular recognitionnoncovalent interactionsthermodynamics

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Area of Science:

  • Supramolecular Chemistry
  • Anion Recognition
  • Halogen Bonding

Background:

  • Neutral halogen-bond donors (XB donors) with multidentate Lewis acidic motifs are crucial for anion recognition.
  • Understanding their binding properties toward halides is essential for designing advanced receptors.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the binding properties of neutral XB donors with multidentate Lewis acidic motifs toward halides.
  • To compare binding data across solid-state, solution, and gas phases.

Main Methods:

  • X-ray crystallography to determine solid-state structures of XB donor-halide adducts.
  • Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) to assess complex stability in solution.
  • Density functional theory (DFT) calculations for gas-phase binding patterns.

Main Results:

  • Structurally related XB donors formed adducts with chloride, bromide, and iodide.
  • Solid-state structures showed donor distortion upon multidentate binding.
  • Gas-phase DFT calculations reproduced 1:1 binding distortions but showed symmetric patterns for 1:2 adducts, differing from solid-state findings.

Conclusions:

  • Binding data transferability is limited between solid-state, solution, and gas phases for complex multidentate XB donors.
  • Discrepancies arise from phase-dependent structural and binding patterns.
  • This underscores the need for multi-technique validation in supramolecular chemistry.