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Related Concept Videos

Electrolysis03:00

Electrolysis

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In a galvanic cell, the electrical work is done by a redox system on its surroundings as electrons produced by the spontaneous redox reactions are transferred through an external circuit. Alternatively, an external circuit does work on a redox system by imposing a voltage sufficient to drive an otherwise nonspontaneous reaction in a process known as electrolysis. For instance, recharging a battery involves the use of an external power source to drive the spontaneous (discharge) cell reaction in...
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Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes01:15

Potentiometry: Membrane Electrodes

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Membrane electrodes, also known as p-ion electrodes, use membranes that selectively interact with free analyte ions, generating a potential difference across the membrane. The resulting membrane potential, known as the asymmetry potential, is not zero even when analyte concentrations on both sides of the membrane are equal. The membrane's response is typically not selective to a single analyte but proportional to the concentration of all ions in the sample solution capable of interacting at...
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Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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Batteries and Fuel Cells03:12

Batteries and Fuel Cells

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A battery is a galvanic cell that is used as a source of electrical power for specific applications. Modern batteries exist in a multitude of forms to accommodate various applications, from tiny button batteries such as those that power wristwatches to the very large batteries used to supply backup energy to municipal power grids. Some batteries are designed for single-use applications and cannot be recharged (primary cells), while others are based on conveniently reversible cell reactions that...
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Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes01:19

Potentiometry: Types of Electrodes

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Reference electrodes serve as a stable reference point for potentiometric measurements, while indicator and working electrodes react to variations in the composition of a solution.
The Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) is a widely used reference electrode that maintains zero potential across all temperatures. However, its need for a continuous hydrogen gas supply renders it impractical for everyday use.
An alternative to SHE is the Saturated Calomel Electrode (SCE). This electrode features an...
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Electrodeposition01:08

Electrodeposition

1.9K
Electrodeposition is a technique used to separate an analyte from interferents by electrochemical processes. Here, the analyte is a metal ion that can be deposited on an electrode immersed in the sample solution. The electrochemical setup consists of an anode and a cathode. When an electric current is applied to the setup, oxidation occurs at the anode. At the cathode, which consists of a large metal surface, metal ions undergo reduction and deposit onto the surface.
Electrodeposition can...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Characterization of Electrode Materials for Lithium Ion and Sodium Ion Batteries Using Synchrotron Radiation Techniques
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Carbon Electrodes for K-Ion Batteries.

Zelang Jian1, Wei Luo1, Xiulei Ji1

  • 1Department of Chemistry, Oregon State University , Corvallis, Oregon 97331-4003, United States.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|September 3, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Researchers demonstrated electrochemical potassium insertion in graphite, achieving a high capacity. A novel soft carbon anode offers superior performance for rechargeable potassium-ion batteries.

Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Potassium-ion batteries (KIBs) are promising for large-scale energy storage.
  • Developing efficient anode materials is crucial for KIB performance.
  • Graphite is a common anode material, but its performance with potassium requires investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate electrochemical potassium insertion in graphite anodes.
  • To evaluate the performance of graphite anodes in nonaqueous electrolytes for KIBs.
  • To synthesize and test a novel soft carbon anode for improved KIB performance.

Main Methods:

  • Electrochemical characterization of graphite and soft carbon anodes.
  • Potassium insertion/extraction experiments in a nonaqueous electrolyte.

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  • Ex situ X-ray diffraction (XRD) to analyze structural changes during cycling.

    • Main Results:

    • Graphite anodes exhibit a high reversible capacity of 273 mAh/g for potassium insertion.
    • Ex situ XRD confirmed sequential phase formation (KC36, KC24, KC8) during potassiation.
    • Graphite anodes showed moderate rate capability and capacity fading.
    • Synthesized nongraphitic soft carbon demonstrated superior cyclability and rate capability compared to graphite.

    Conclusions:

    • Electrochemical potassium insertion in graphite is feasible, but performance limitations exist.
    • Nongraphitic soft carbon represents a promising alternative anode material for rechargeable KIBs.
    • This research opens new avenues for developing advanced K-ion battery technologies.