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Support surfaces for pressure ulcer prevention.

Elizabeth McInnes1, Asmara Jammali-Blasi, Sally E M Bell-Syer

  • 1Nursing Research Institute, St Vincent's Health Australia (Sydney) and Australian Catholic University (ACU), School of Nursing, Midwifery and Paramedicine, Australian Catholic University, Executive Suite, Level 5 DeLacy Building, St Vincent's Hospital, 390 Victoria Road, Darlinghurst, New South Wales, Australia, 2010.

The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
|September 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Higher-specification foam mattresses and medical sheepskins effectively reduce pressure ulcer incidence in at-risk individuals. Alternating-pressure mattresses may be more cost-effective than overlays for preventing pressure ulcers.

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Area of Science:

  • Medical device efficacy
  • Preventive healthcare
  • Wound prevention

Background:

  • Pressure ulcers (bedsores) are localized tissue damage common in the elderly and immobile.
  • These ulcers incur significant financial and human costs.
  • Pressure-relieving support surfaces are utilized for ulcer prevention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine if pressure-relieving support surfaces reduce pressure ulcer incidence compared to standard surfaces.
  • To assess the comparative effectiveness of different pressure-relieving surfaces in ulcer prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic review including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and quasi-RCTs.
  • Searched multiple databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, CINAHL, CENTRAL) up to April 2015.
  • Meta-analysis used for pooling data from similar trials.

Main Results:

  • Foam alternatives to standard hospital mattresses reduced pressure ulcer incidence (RR 0.40).
  • Medical sheepskins prevented pressure ulcers (RR 0.56).
  • Effectiveness of alternating-pressure vs. constant low-pressure devices remains unclear, though alternating-pressure mattresses may be cost-effective.

Conclusions:

  • High-risk individuals should use higher-specification foam mattresses over standard ones.
  • Medical sheepskins are associated with decreased pressure ulcer development.
  • Consider pressure relief for high-risk patients in operating theatres; comparative effectiveness of advanced surfaces requires further study.