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Related Concept Videos

Dementia01:30

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Dementia is a collective term for cognitive disorders primarily affecting memory, thinking, and reasoning. It is not a specific disease but a syndrome, with Alzheimer's disease being the most common cause, accounting for approximately 60-80% of cases. Other types include vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia, and frontotemporal dementia. Dementia affects millions worldwide, particularly older adults, though it is not a normal part of aging.
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Alzheimer's Disease (AD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is pathologically identified by amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles composed of tau protein. AD pharmacotherapy aims to manage cognitive symptoms, delay disease progression, and treat behavioral symptoms. The treatment is primarily symptomatic and palliative, with no definitive disease-modifying therapy available. Cholinesterase inhibitors, including donepezil (Aricept), rivastigmine (Exelon), and galantamine (Razadyne), are...
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Current Developments in Dementia Risk Prediction Modelling: An Updated Systematic Review.

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No single dementia risk prediction model is universally recommended. Future models require robust methodology, cost-effectiveness, and ethical considerations for diverse populations.

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology and Public Health
  • Epidemiology and Biostatistics

Background:

  • Accurate dementia risk prediction is crucial for clinical care, trial eligibility, and prevention strategies.
  • Numerous predictive models exist, necessitating systematic evaluation of their performance and variables.
  • Previous systematic reviews in 2010 and 2014 highlighted the growing research in this field.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and update the evaluation of dementia risk prediction models.
  • To critique the variables used in these models and assess their prognostic performance.
  • To identify new developments and potential limitations in dementia risk prediction.

Main Methods:

  • Updated systematic review with a literature search from January 2009 to March 2014.
  • Included articles predicting dementia risk in non-demented individuals.
  • Focused on studies reporting sensitivity, specificity, area under the curve (AUC), or c-statistic.

Main Results:

  • 21 articles met inclusion criteria from 1,234 identified.
  • New models incorporate non-APOE genes, non-traditional risk factors, diet, physical function, and ethnicity.
  • Model development expanded to specific subgroups (e.g., diabetes, varying education levels); four models were externally validated.

Conclusions:

  • No single dementia risk prediction model is universally recommended for population-based settings.
  • Future model development should prioritize methodology, replication cohort testing, and variable acceptability/cost.
  • Further validation and ethical considerations are needed before widespread clinical application.