[Definition, primary examination and differential diagnostics in acute dyspnea]

Area of Science:

• Emergency Medicine
• Pulmonology
• Critical Care

Background:

• Acute dyspnea is a common and potentially life-threatening emergency presentation.
• Effective management requires a systematic approach due to diverse causes and patient factors.
• Understanding pathophysiology is crucial for accurate diagnosis and treatment.

Purpose of the Study:

• To define acute dyspnea and explain its underlying pathophysiology.
• To outline key considerations for history taking and physical examination in acute dyspnea.
• To introduce initial therapeutic interventions and differential diagnoses for acute dyspnea.

Main Methods:

• Review of current medical literature and clinical guidelines.
• Discussion of diagnostic reasoning and clinical decision-making processes.
• Emphasis on the emergency clinician's role in initial patient assessment.

Main Results:

• Acute dyspnea necessitates prompt evaluation of its definition, pathophysiology, and patient history.
• Physical examination and initial therapy are critical components of early management.
• A broad range of differential diagnoses must be considered in the emergency setting.

Conclusions:

• This first part provides foundational knowledge for managing acute dyspnea.
• It highlights the complexities and challenges faced by emergency clinicians.
• A thorough understanding of initial assessment is vital for patient outcomes.