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Related Concept Videos

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway01:28

Nitric Oxide Signaling Pathway

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Nitric oxide (NO), an inorganic gas, acts as a potent second messenger in most animal and plant tissues. NO diffuses out of the cells that produce it and enters the neighboring cells to generate a downstream response. NO synthase (NOS) catalyzes NO production by the deamination of the amino acid arginine. There are three isoforms of NOS. Endothelial cells have endothelial NOS (eNOS), nerve and muscle cells have neuronal NOS (nNOS), and macrophages produce inducible NOS (iNOS) upon exposure...
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In cardiovascular health, antianginal drugs combat angina pectoris — a condition marked by chest pain owing to diminished blood flow to the heart.
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Antihypertensive Drugs: Vasodilators01:23

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Vasodilators, primarily affecting the smooth muscles within arterial and venous walls, are commonly used for hypertension treatment. Medications such as minoxidil and hydralazine primarily target arteries and arterioles, while sodium nitroprusside acts on arterioles and venules. Minoxidil, functioning as a prodrug, is metabolized by hepatic sulfotransferase into its active form, minoxidil sulfate, after oral administration. This metabolite binds to the sulfonylurea receptor (SUR) component of...
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Inhalation anesthetics are drugs that induce general anesthesia upon inhalation. They work by increasing the sensitivity of GABAA receptors or inhibiting NMDA receptors, leading to a decrease in central nervous system activity. The depth of anesthesia can be rapidly adjusted by changing the concentration of the inhaled gas. Some common examples of inhalational anesthetics include volatile liquids like isoflurane, desflurane, sevoflurane and gases like xenon and nitrous oxide. Isoflurane, a...
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Respiratory assessment is a cornerstone of nursing assessments, crucial for the early detection of patient deterioration. This evaluation transcends routine procedures, representing a critical skill nurses must master to ensure optimal patient care.
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Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a group of lung conditions that progressively worsen over time, including chronic bronchitis and emphysema. This cluster of diseases collectively leads to a gradual and irreversible decline in lung function over time.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

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Inhaled nitric oxide: Current clinical concepts.

Pavan Bhatraju1, Jack Crawford2, Michael Hall3

  • 1Department of Medicine, University of Washington Medical Center, Seattle, WA, United States.

Nitric Oxide : Biology and Chemistry
|September 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Inhaled nitric oxide (NO) therapy, initially for pulmonary hypertension, now shows promise for cardiopulmonary diseases and ischemia-reperfusion injury. This review covers its clinical applications in pediatric and adult patients.

Keywords:
ARDSInhaled nitric oxideInjuryIschemiaLung injuryNitric oxideNitritePulmonary hypertensionReperfusionTransplantation

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiovascular Science
  • Pulmonary Medicine
  • Medical Gas Therapy

Background:

  • Nitric oxide (NO) was discovered for its vasodilatory properties, initially used in animal studies to reduce pulmonary artery pressures.
  • NO is FDA-approved for neonatal pulmonary hypertension and widely used for critical cardiopulmonary conditions.
  • Despite unmet expectations, NO demonstrates therapeutic potential in novel applications, particularly for ischemia-reperfusion.

Approach:

  • Clinical overview of inhaled nitric oxide (NO) as a gas.
  • Focus on pediatric patient populations.
  • Examination of applications in adult cardiopulmonary and hematologic diseases.

Key Points:

  • Inhaled NO administration for newborns with pulmonary hypertension.
  • Current use in critical cardiopulmonary ailments.
  • Emerging therapeutic roles in ischemia-reperfusion disorders.

Conclusions:

  • Inhaled NO has evolved from a niche treatment to a versatile therapy.
  • Further research highlights NO's potential in managing complex cardiopulmonary and ischemic conditions.
  • NO therapy continues to expand its clinical utility across diverse patient groups.