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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

Autoimmune Disorders

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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The adaptive immune system, a crucial component of the overall immune response, offers a highly specialized defense against pathogens. It involves specific cell types and features, enabling it to combat infections effectively and efficiently.
The primary cell types involved in adaptive immunity are T cells and B cells. Each type has a unique role in defending the body against pathogens. T cells are responsible for cell-mediated immunity. They identify and eliminate infected cells directly,...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Development of Stem Cell-derived Antigen-specific Regulatory T Cells Against Autoimmunity
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Autoimmunity in 2014.

Carlo Selmi1,2

  • 1Division of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, via A. Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Milan, Italy. carlo.selmi@unimi.it.

Clinical Reviews in Allergy & Immunology
|September 4, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Research on autoimmunity surged in 2014, showing a 28% increase in publications. Advances include new treatments for rheumatoid arthritis and insights into innate immunity and autoimmune disease connections.

Keywords:
Autoimmune liver diseaseEpigeneticGeneticsPsoriatic arthritisRheumatoid arthritisSystemic lupus erythematosusTh17Tolerance breakdown

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Rheumatology

Background:

  • The year 2014 saw a significant 28% increase in peer-reviewed publications on autoimmunity compared to 2013.
  • Autoimmunity research constitutes approximately 5% of all immunology articles, highlighting its growing importance.

Discussion:

  • Key developments include revised understanding and management of antiphospholipid syndrome, focusing on anti-beta2 glycoprotein autoantibody pathogenicity.
  • Advances in rheumatoid arthritis treatment and new guidelines on vaccinations, comorbidities, and classification criteria for autoimmune diseases were published.
  • Emerging research highlights the link between innate immunity, toll-like receptors, and autoimmunity, as well as the role of T regulatory cells in immune tolerance breakdown.

Key Insights:

  • Autoimmunity is increasingly viewed as a translational paradigm, bridging pathogenesis and novel therapeutic strategies.
  • Shared clinical and pathogenetic features across autoimmune diseases are becoming clearer through recent literature.
  • Genetic and epigenetic factors, potentially influenced by geography, contribute to individual susceptibility to autoimmunity.

Outlook:

  • Continued exploration of innate immunity's role in autoimmunity.
  • Further research into genetic and epigenetic determinants of autoimmune diseases.
  • Development of targeted therapies based on a deeper understanding of autoimmune mechanisms.