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Adherence to antihypertensive therapy among heart transplant recipients
Grzegorz Jan Wasilewski1, Irena Milaniak1, Łukasz Janik1
1Department of Cardiovascular Surgery and Transplantology, Jagiellonian University, Medical College, John Paul II Hospital, Krakow, Poland.
Insights
Heart transplant recipients report high adherence to medical advice, with strong motivation and knowledge levels positively influencing self-assessed adherence. Patient engagement is key for successful treatment outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Transplantation Medicine
- Health Psychology
Background:
- Therapeutic adherence, including medication, diet, and lifestyle, is crucial for optimal treatment outcomes.
- Elevated blood pressure is a significant risk factor for severe cardiovascular diseases and chronic kidney disease.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate adherence levels in heart transplant recipients.
- To identify factors contributing to non-adherence in this patient group.
Main Methods:
- A study involving 55 hypertensive heart allograft recipients.
- Anonymous, voluntary questionnaire including the Modified Morisky Scale (MMS) to assess motivation and knowledge.
- Inquiry into lifestyle, reasons for non-adherence, and improvement strategies.
Main Results:
- Patients self-assessed their adherence at a high average of 8.49 ± 1.33.
- High levels of motivation (2.20) and knowledge (2.83) were observed, with knowledge significantly exceeding motivation (p < 0.005).
- Self-assessed adherence positively correlated with motivation levels (r = 0.357; p < 0.007).
Conclusions:
- Fostering active patient participation in treatment is vital.
- Achieving patient engagement requires collaboration among the patient, family, and healthcare team.
Introduction:
Adherence to therapeutic recommendations, concerning in particular drug administration, diet and healthy life style, is essential to obtain optimal medical treatment effects. Elevated blood pressure is an extremely important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases such as coronary artery disease, chronic heart failure and stroke, as well as chronic kidney disease.
Aim:
The aim of the study was to assess the level of adherence among heart transplant recipients and to explain the reasons for non-adherence phenomenon.
Material And Methods:
The study was performed on 55 heart allograft recipients: 11 women (20%) and 44 men (80%), all hypertensive. Participation in the study was voluntary and the three-part questionnaire was anonymous to obtain reliable answers. The second part was designed using the Modified Morisky Scale (MMS) consisting of questions assessing motivation and knowledge among patients. The third included questions concerning lifestyle, reasons for non-adherence and methods to improve it.
Results:
In self-assessment of the adherence to medical recommendations on a scale of 0 to 10 the analyzed population estimated their level of adherence to be on average 8.49 ± 1.33, which is a considerably high result. It was discovered that both the level of motivation (2.20) and knowledge (2.83) are high among heart transplant recipients. Still, the level of knowledge was significantly higher than the motivation (p < 0.005). Correlation analysis revealed that the self-assessed adherence level correlated positively with the level of motivation (r = 0.357; p < 0.007).
Conclusions:
Creation of an active attitude of the patient in the process of treatment is a crucial and at the same time often difficult task demanding cooperation of the patient, the patient's close family and the whole therapeutic team.
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