[Current management of hepatocellular carcinoma]

Area of Science:

• Hepatology
• Oncology
• Transplantation

Context:

• Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a major complication of chronic liver diseases, particularly cirrhosis.
• HCC incidence is rising globally, linked to diabetes, obesity, and alcohol consumption.
• Current treatments offer limited long-term survival, with high mortality rates.

Purpose:

• To review the current landscape of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) management.
• To highlight the limitations of existing therapies and the potential of novel approaches.
• To emphasize the importance of screening and monitoring for early detection and treatment.

Summary:

• Liver transplantation is the only curative option for HCC but is not widely accessible.
• Surgical resection and percutaneous ablation are effective for limited disease but lack adjuvant therapies.
• Chemoembolization and Sorafenib show modest efficacy; combination therapies and radiotherapy show promise.
• Screening and monitoring of cirrhosis are crucial for accessing potentially curative treatments.

Impact:

• Improved understanding of HCC treatment challenges and opportunities.
• Highlights the need for expanded access to liver transplantation and development of novel therapies.
• Emphasizes the critical role of early detection through cirrhosis screening programs.