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Related Concept Videos

Larynx01:21

Larynx

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The human larynx, often referred to as the voice box, is an intricate organ located in the neck. It serves as a pathway for air to enter the lungs during respiration and is an essential component of voice production.
Anatomy of the Larynx
The larynx consists of various components, including cartilage, muscles, and vocal cords. Its structure includes three large unpaired cartilages—the thyroid, cricoid, and epiglottis—and three smaller paired cartilages—the arytenoids,...
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The Thyroid Gland01:23

The Thyroid Gland

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The thyroid gland is a small, butterfly-shaped gland located in the neck and covers the anterior surface of the trachea. The gland has two lateral lobes connected by a thin tissue mass called the isthmus. Internally, each lobe comprises many small spherical structures known as thyroid follicles, surrounded by a network of blood vessels.
The follicles have a central cavity lined by simple cuboidal to squamous epithelial cells called follicular cells. These cells produce the glycoprotein...
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The Hyoid Bone01:12

The Hyoid Bone

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The hyoid bone is a small U-shaped bone located in the upper neck at the level of the inferior mandible, with its tips pointing posteriorly. It does not directly articulate with any other bone in the body. The hyoid acts as the attachment site for the tongue, the larynx, and the pharynx. It is held in position by a series of small muscles attached from above or below. These muscles help to move the hyoid up/down or forward/back in coordination with movements of the tongue, larynx, and pharynx...
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Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques01:30

Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation V: Advanced Airway Management Techniques

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Airway management is essential in emergency and surgical medicine, ensuring ventilation and oxygenation in patients who cannot maintain their own airway. Clinicians use a range of techniques and devices to secure the airway, depending on the patient’s condition and the clinical context. Key methods include endotracheal intubation, rapid sequence intubation (RSI), supraglottic airway devices, and advanced visualization aids. In cases where these approaches fail, surgical airway...
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Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps01:16

Tracheostomy Care I: Pre-procedural Steps

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A tracheostomy is a surgical technique that involves making an incision in the neck to provide access to the trachea. It is frequently used in medical conditions such as airway obstruction and prolonged mechanical ventilation. Effective nursing management is crucial for the long-term success of a tracheostomy.
Required Equipment
The equipment necessary for tracheostomy care includes:
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Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure01:25

Tracheostomy Care II: Procedure

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Tracheostomy care is an essential nursing skill that involves cleaning and maintaining a tracheostomy tube to prevent infection and other complications. Here's a step-by-step guide explaining each procedure with its rationale. Note that disposable gloves are to be worn at all times and changed as often as needed to maintain a sterile work environment, and to protect both patient and healthcare worker.
Step 1: Perform hand hygiene, and put on personal protective equipment: gown, gloves, mask...
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Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

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Same author

Limitations of endoscopy for removal of an impacted sinonasal ballistic foreign body.

European annals of otorhinolaryngology, head and neck diseases·2021
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[Dento-alveolar trauma in odonto-stomatologic consultation in a health center in Yaoundé, Cameroon].

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[Cystic cervicofacial lymphangioma in children in Gabon].

Annales d'oto-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico faciale : bulletin de la Societe d'oto-laryngologie des hopitaux de Paris·2007
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[Caries morbidity in the odonto-stomatologic services in Yaounde, Cameroon].

Odonto-stomatologie tropicale = Tropical dental journal·2006
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[Mouth diseases and antibiotic therapy practices in Yaounde].

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Identification and Protection of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy
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Identification and Protection of the Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve during Transoral Robotic Thyroidectomy

Published on: October 24, 2025

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Recurrent laryngeal nerve landmarks during thyroidectomy.

A-R Ngo Nyeki1, L-R Njock2, J Miloundja3

  • 1Service d'oto-rhino-laryngologie et de chirurgie cervico-faciale (ORL-CCF), hôpitaux universitaires de Genève, 4, rue Gabrielle-Perret-Gentil, 1211 Genève 14, Switzerland.

European Annals of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Diseases
|September 5, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The recurrent laryngeal nerve

Keywords:
African populationInferior thyroid arteryRecurrent laryngeal nerveThyroidectomy

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Area of Science:

  • Anatomy and surgical procedures
  • Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery
  • Thyroid surgery

Background:

  • The recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) is crucial for vocal cord function.
  • Understanding its anatomical variations is vital for safe thyroid surgery.
  • Previous studies have described typical RLN courses, but data from Central African populations is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate the anatomical relationships of the recurrent laryngeal nerve (RLN) during thyroid surgery.
  • To compare findings in a Central African population with established anatomical descriptions.
  • To identify potential challenges in RLN dissection in this specific demographic.

Main Methods:

  • A prospective study involving 56 patients undergoing thyroidectomy in Cameroon and Gabon.
  • Detailed dissection and identification of 62 recurrent laryngeal nerves.
  • Documentation of the nerve's course in relation to the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) and any modifications due to thyroid disease.

Main Results:

  • The RLN's course relative to the inferior thyroid artery (ITA) was predominantly retrovascular (53.1% right, 76.6% left) or transvascular (15.6% right, 13.4% left).
  • Thyroid disease altered the RLN's course in 12.9% of cases.
  • Extralaryngeal branching was observed in 9.7% of cases; no non-recurrent nerves were found.

Conclusions:

  • Anatomical variations of the RLN, particularly its relationship with the ITA, are frequent in this Central African population.
  • The observed retrovascular and transvascular patterns differ from the classic prevascular description.
  • Extralaryngeal branching and disease-related nerve course modifications present surgical challenges.