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Viral Mutations

Viral Mutations

A mutation is a change in the sequence of bases of DNA or RNA in a genome. Some mutations occur during replication of the genome due to errors made by the polymerase enzymes that replicate DNA or RNA. Unlike DNA polymerase, RNA polymerase is prone to errors because it is not capable of “proofreading” its work. Viruses with RNA-based genomes, like HIV, therefore accrue mutations faster than viruses with DNA-based genomes. Because mutation and recombination provide the raw material...

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Mapping Enterovirus A71 Antigenic Determinants from Viral Evolution.

Sheng-Wen Huang¹, Ching-Hui Tai², Judith M Fonville³

¹Center of Infectious Disease and Signaling Research, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

Journal of Virology

|September 5, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

New enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) mutations can reduce vaccine effectiveness. Researchers identified specific VP1 capsid protein changes that increase viral binding and decrease antibody neutralization, highlighting the need for ongoing surveillance.

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Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Human enterovirus A71 (EV-A71) causes severe neurological disease, particularly in Asia-Pacific children.
Vaccines for EV-A71 are in development, necessitating an understanding of potential viral evolution.

Purpose of the Study:

To characterize the antigenic variation potential of EV-A71.
To identify specific mutations affecting EV-A71 antigenicity and cell-binding capabilities.

Main Methods:

Comparative sequence analysis of EV-A71 genotypes B4 and B5.
Construction of recombinant viruses using reverse genetics.
Antigenic cartography to analyze viral antigenic changes.

Main Results:

Substitutions at VP1 residues 98, 145, and 164 were identified as antigenic determinants.
A novel EV-A71 mutant (VP1-98K/145Q/164E) showed reduced neutralization by patient antisera.
This mutant demonstrated significantly increased binding ability to human cells.

Conclusions:

The identified EV-A71 VP1 mutations can alter viral antigenicity and enhance cell binding.
These findings suggest potential challenges to vaccine efficacy and underscore the need for continuous surveillance of EV-A71 strains post-vaccination.