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Related Concept Videos

Muscles that Move the Leg01:23

Muscles that Move the Leg

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The movement of the legs is facilitated by numerous muscles located within the anterior, medial, and posterior compartments of the thigh.
Anterior Compartment
The quadriceps femoris, the most visible muscle of the anterior compartment, is integral for leg extension and thigh flexion. It is formed by merging four distinct muscles — the vastus lateralis, vastus medialis, vastus intermedius, and rectus femoris. The quadriceps tendon, a shared tendon of the four quadriceps muscles, is affixed...
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Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

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The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles....
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Anatomical Movements00:51

Anatomical Movements

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Anatomical movements refer to the various actions or motions that can be performed by the body's joints and muscles. These movements are described using specific terms to provide a standardized way of discussing and understanding the range of motion at different joints.
Here are some common anatomical movements:
Flexion and extension motions are in the sagittal (anterior–posterior) plane of motion. These movements take place at the shoulder, hip, elbow, knee, wrist,...
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Reflex Activity01:08

Reflex Activity

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A reflex activity is an automatic, involuntary response to specific stimuli. It is a part of our survival mechanism, designed to protect us from potential harm. For example, when a bright light suddenly shines into our eyes, we instinctively close them or look away. This is a simple reflex activity orchestrated by the nervous system without conscious thought or effort.
A reflex exam is a diagnostic procedure performed by a healthcare professional to evaluate the functionality of a patient's...
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Somatic Spinal Reflexes01:22

Somatic Spinal Reflexes

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Somatic spinal reflexes are rapid, involuntary muscular responses to external stimuli that involve the somatic musculature and the spinal cord.
One of the most well-known somatic spinal reflexes is the stretch reflex, which is activated by the sudden stretching of a muscle. This reflex involves the activation of specialized sensory receptors called muscle spindles, which are located in the muscle tissue and detect changes in the length and speed of muscle contractions. When a muscle is suddenly...
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Muscles that Move the Thigh01:20

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The thigh's motion is primarily governed by muscles originating in the pelvic girdle and inserted into the femur. One crucial muscle, the iliopsoas, is a combination of the psoas major and the iliacus muscles, sharing a common insertion point on the lesser trochanter of the femur.
Three other significant muscles are the gluteus maximus, gluteus medius, and gluteus minimus. The gluteus maximus originates from the posterior surface of the ilium, sacrum, and coccyx, and the thoracolumbar...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Quantifying Learning in Young Infants: Tracking Leg Actions During a Discovery-learning Task
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An infant not moving her leg.

Tal Berkowitz1, Deborah Young1

  • 1Division of Pediatric Emergency Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA.

The American Journal of Emergency Medicine
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This summary is machine-generated.

A 4-week-old infant

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Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Infectious Diseases
  • Pediatric Orthopedics
  • Medical Imaging in Pediatrics

Background:

  • Neonatal osteomyelitis is a serious condition that can lead to long-term complications if not diagnosed and treated promptly.
  • Early diagnosis is crucial but can be challenging due to non-specific symptoms in infants.

Observation:

  • A 4-week-old infant presented with non-specific symptoms including decreased movement of the left lower extremity and irritability.
  • Initial X-rays were normal, delaying diagnosis.
  • Repeat imaging revealed a subtle lucency, prompting further investigation.

Findings:

  • Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) confirmed distal tibial osteomyelitis with an ankle effusion.
  • Group B Streptococcus was identified as the causative pathogen from bone cultures.
  • The infant successfully completed 6 weeks of antibiotic therapy.

Implications:

  • This case highlights the importance of considering osteomyelitis in infants with subtle or non-specific symptoms.
  • Advanced imaging like MRI is critical for diagnosing pediatric bone infections when initial radiography is inconclusive.
  • Prompt antibiotic treatment is essential for favorable outcomes in neonatal osteomyelitis.