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Updated: Apr 4, 2026
In Vivo Confocal Microscopy in the Diagnosis and Management of Dry Eye: A Focus on Imaging Protocols and Interpretation
Published on: November 11, 2025
Component-resolved diagnostics in vernal conjunctivitis
Alicia Armentia1, Beatriz Iglesias2, Darío Iglesias3
1Allergy Unit, Rio Hortega University Hospital, Valladolid, Spain.
Background:
Conventional diagnostic tests in allergy are insufficient to clarify the origin of vernal conjunctivitis (VC).
Objectives:
To evaluate IgE-mediated hypersensitivity by component-resolved diagnosis (CRD) in tears and serum from patients with VC and to evaluate how to treat patients with identified triggering allergens by specific immunotherapy.
Methods:
Patients were divided into 3 groups: (1) patients with VC (25 patients), (2) patients allergic to grass pollen with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis (AC) (50 patients), and (3) healthy blood donors (50 patients). If triggering allergens were detected, specific conventional immunotherapy was administered for 1 year.
Results:
Twenty-five patients with VC were evaluated. The identified triggering allergens were n Lol p 1 (11 patients), n Cyn d 1 (8 patients), group 4 and 6 grasses (6 patients), and group 5 grasses (5 patients). Prick test and pollen IgE test results were positive in one patient. Clinical improvement was observed in 13 of the 25 patients with VC after 1 year of specific immunotherapy.
Conclusion:
CRD seems to be a more sensitive diagnostic tool compared with prick test and IgE detection. Specific CRD-led immunotherapy may achieve clinical improvements in patients with VC.
