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Related Concept Videos

Cancer Vaccines01:30

Cancer Vaccines

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Cancer treatment vaccines are a rapidly evolving field that offers a promising approach to immunotherapy. Unlike traditional vaccines that prevent diseases, cancer treatment vaccines are designed to treat existing cancers by stimulating the immune system to recognize and attack cancer cells.
Cancer vaccines come in two categories: preventive (prophylactic) and treatment (active). Preventive vaccines, such as the Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine, protect against viruses that cause certain...
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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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The Central Dogma01:20

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The central dogma explains the flow of genetic information from DNA nucleotides to the amino acid sequence of proteins.
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Preclinical Development: Overview01:28

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Preclinical development consists of a series of tests that ensure the safety and efficacy of a new therapeutic compound before it is tested in humans. There are four main phases to this process. First, safety pharmacology tests are conducted to ensure the drug does not produce any acutely harmful effects. These tests examine parameters such as bronchoconstriction, cardiac dysrhythmias, blood pressure changes, and ataxia. Next, preliminary toxicological testing is performed to determine the...
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Immunization of Adult Zebrafish for the Preclinical Screening of DNA-based Vaccines
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Recent Developments in Preclinical DNA Vaccination.

Kenji Okuda1,2,3, Yoshiyuki Wada4, Masaru Shimada5

  • 1Department of Molecular Biodefense Research, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Kanagawa Prefecture 236-0004, Japan. kokuda@chojuken.net.

Vaccines
|September 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Plasmid DNA vaccines offer manufacturing and storage advantages. Research is exploring methods like genetic adjuvants and electroporation to enhance their weak immunogenicity in humans.

Keywords:
DNA vaccineelectroporationgenetic adjuvants

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Immunology
  • Vaccinology

Background:

  • Plasmid DNA vaccines present numerous advantages, including ease of generation, scalability, sterilization, and long-term storage.
  • DNA vaccines are known to induce robust Th1-mediated immune responses in animal models.
  • A significant challenge remains the limited immunogenicity of DNA vaccines in human subjects.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review preclinical strategies aimed at overcoming the low immunogenicity of DNA vaccines in humans.
  • To highlight advancements in genetic adjuvants, electroporation, and prime-boost vaccination methods.

Main Methods:

  • Review of preclinical studies and emerging technologies in DNA vaccine development.
  • Analysis of genetic adjuvants, physical methods (electroporation), and combined vaccination strategies.

Main Results:

  • Various approaches show promise in enhancing DNA vaccine immunogenicity in preclinical settings.
  • Genetic adjuvants, electroporation, and prime-boost regimens are key areas of development.

Conclusions:

  • Continued research into enhancing immunogenicity is crucial for the clinical translation of DNA vaccines.
  • The reviewed methods offer potential solutions to improve DNA vaccine efficacy in humans.