Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Functional Classification of Joints01:09

Functional Classification of Joints

9.1K
Functional Classification of Joints
The functional classification of joints is determined by the amount of mobility between the adjacent bones. Joints are functionally classified as a synarthrosis or immobile joint, an amphiarthrosis or slightly moveable joint, or as a diarthrosis, a freely moveable joint. Fibrous and cartilaginous joints can be functionally classified as either synarthroses  or amphiarthroses, whereas all synovial joints are classified as diarthroses.
Synarthrosis
An...
9.1K
Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints01:17

Structural Joints: Cartilaginous Joints

4.9K
As the name indicates, at a cartilaginous joint, the adjacent bones are united by cartilage, a tough but flexible type of connective tissue. Unlike synovial joints, these types of joints lack a joint cavity and involve bones joined together by either hyaline cartilage or fibrocartilage.
There are two types of cartilaginous joints:
Synchondrosis
A synchondrosis ("joined by cartilage") is a cartilaginous joint where bones are connected by hyaline cartilage. Synchondrosis may be temporary...
4.9K
Structural Joints: Synovial Joints01:16

Structural Joints: Synovial Joints

9.7K
Synovial joints are the most common type of joint in the body. A key structural characteristic for a synovial joint is the presence of a joint cavity. This fluid-filled space is where the articulating surfaces of the bones contact each other. Also, unlike fibrous or cartilaginous joints, the articulating bone surfaces at a synovial joint are not directly connected to each other with fibrous connective tissue or cartilage. This gives the bones of a synovial joint the ability to move smoothly...
9.7K
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

3.6K
The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
3.6K
Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints01:03

Structural Joints: Fibrous Joints

4.5K
Fibrous joints are a type of joint where the bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue. These joints provide stability and minimal to no movement between the articulating bones. There are three types of fibrous joints.
Suture
All the bones of the skull, except for the mandible, are joined to each other by a fibrous joint called a suture. The fibrous connective tissue found at a suture strongly unites the adjacent skull bones and thus helps to protect the brain and form the face. In...
4.5K
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

2.7K
Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
2.7K

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Biomechanical performance of three suture fixation techniques for proximal biceps tenodesis: a human cadaveric study.

Journal of ISAKOS : joint disorders & orthopaedic sports medicine·2026
Same author

A biomechanical comparison of fibular strut and femoral head allograft for augmented locking plate fixation in three-part proximal humerus fractures.

JSES international·2026
Same author

Evaluation of a curved intramedullary button vs. traditional flat button for proximal biceps tenodesis: a biomechanical study.

JSES international·2025
Same author

[Shoulder complaints].

Nederlands tijdschrift voor geneeskunde·2023
Same author

Ninety-day complication rate based on 532 Latarjet procedures in Dutch hospitals with different operation volumes.

Journal of shoulder and elbow surgery·2022
Same author

Shoulder muscle activity after latissimus dorsi transfer in an active elevation.

JSES international·2022

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
06:06

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Published on: July 22, 2021

7.1K

Once an arthrodesis, always an arthrodesis?

Tjarco D W Alta1, W Jaap Willems2

  • 1Orthopaedic Clinic "Orthopedium", Delft, The Netherlands.

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Surgery
|September 8, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Converting painful shoulder arthrodesis to reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) can safely improve mobility and patient satisfaction. This surgical option is viable for patients with intact deltoid muscles, offering pain reduction and increased range of motion.

Keywords:
Shoulder arthrodesisconversionelectromyographic analysis deltoid muscleglenohumeral arthrodesisreverse shoulder arthroplastyreverse shoulder prosthesis

More Related Videos

Autologous Microfractured and Purified Adipose Tissue for Arthroscopic Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
07:24

Autologous Microfractured and Purified Adipose Tissue for Arthroscopic Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus

Published on: January 23, 2018

11.0K
Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
09:01

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

12.5K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint
06:06

Tissue Collection and RNA Extraction from the Human Osteoarthritic Knee Joint

Published on: July 22, 2021

7.1K
Autologous Microfractured and Purified Adipose Tissue for Arthroscopic Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus
07:24

Autologous Microfractured and Purified Adipose Tissue for Arthroscopic Management of Osteochondral Lesions of the Talus

Published on: January 23, 2018

11.0K
Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach
09:01

Treatment of Ankle Osteoarthritis with Total Ankle Replacement Through a Lateral Transfibular Approach

Published on: January 24, 2018

12.5K

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedic Surgery
  • Reconstructive Surgery
  • Shoulder Arthroplasty

Background:

  • Shoulder arthrodesis is a treatment for severe shoulder joint issues.
  • Reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA) offers intrinsic stability.
  • Conversion of arthrodesis to RSA is considered if the deltoid muscle is preserved.

Observation:

  • Four patients with painful shoulder arthrodesis (5-11 years) sought increased mobility.
  • Preoperative EMG confirmed deltoid muscle activity.
  • Patients underwent conversion to RSA, with some osteotomies performed laterally.

Findings:

  • Constant-Murley scores improved significantly post-surgery.
  • No dislocations were reported.
  • Patients experienced reduced pain (VAS 8-10 to 0-4) and increased, though modest, rotation.

Implications:

  • RSA conversion is a safe procedure for painful shoulder arthrodesis with intact deltoids.
  • The procedure enhances glenohumeral mobility and patient satisfaction.
  • This offers a viable alternative for patients previously limited by arthrodesis.