Peptide Vaccines for Hypertension and Diabetes Mellitus
Hironori Nakagami1, Hiroshi Koriyama2, Ryuichi Morishita3
1Division of Vascular Medicine and Epigenetics, Osaka University United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Kanazawa University and Hamamatsu University School of Medicine, Chiba University, Fukui University, 2-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan. nakagami@cgt.med.osaka-u.ac.jp.
Abstract:
Vaccines are commonly used as a preventive medicine for infectious diseases worldwide; however, the trial for an amyloid beta vaccine against Alzheimer's disease will open a new concept in vaccination. In case of therapeutic vaccines for cancer, their targets are usually specific antigens in cancer cells, allowing activated cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) to attach and remove the antigen-presenting cancer cells. In our therapeutic vaccines against hypertension, the target is angiotensin II (Ang II) and induced anti-Ang II antibodies could efficiently ameliorate high blood pressure. Similarly, we developed the therapeutic vaccine against DPP4 for diabetes mellitus. However, because Ang II or DPP4 is an endogenous hormone, we must avoid autoimmune disease induced by these vaccines. Therefore, our system was used to design a therapeutic vaccine that elicits anti-Ang II or DPP4 antibodies without CTL activation against Ang II or DPP4. In this review, we will describe our concept of therapeutic vaccines for hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
Insights
Therapeutic vaccines targeting endogenous hormones like angiotensin II for hypertension and DPP4 for diabetes are being developed. These novel vaccines aim to elicit protective antibodies without triggering harmful autoimmune responses, advancing vaccination concepts.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Vaccinology
- Endocrinology
Background:
- Traditional vaccines prevent infectious diseases; novel therapeutic vaccines target non-infectious conditions like Alzheimer's, cancer, hypertension, and diabetes.
- Therapeutic cancer vaccines use cytotoxic T cells (CTLs) to target specific cancer antigens.
- Existing therapeutic vaccine strategies face challenges with endogenous targets, risking autoimmune reactions.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce a novel concept for therapeutic vaccines against hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
- To describe a system for designing vaccines targeting endogenous hormones like angiotensin II (Ang II) and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4).
- To ensure vaccine-induced antibodies ameliorate disease without activating harmful CTL responses against self-antigens.
Main Methods:
- Designing therapeutic vaccines targeting specific endogenous hormones (Ang II, DPP4).
- Developing a system to elicit antibodies against target hormones.
- Implementing strategies to avoid CTL activation against self-antigens (Ang II, DPP4).
Main Results:
- Successfully designed therapeutic vaccines targeting Ang II for hypertension and DPP4 for diabetes.
- The developed system aims to induce specific antibodies without causing autoimmune diseases.
- The approach focuses on antibody-mediated therapeutic effects rather than cellular immunity.
Conclusions:
- Therapeutic vaccines targeting endogenous hormones represent a new frontier in vaccinology.
- This approach offers a potential strategy for treating hypertension and diabetes mellitus.
- Careful vaccine design is crucial to prevent autoimmune complications when targeting endogenous molecules.
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