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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

The Resident-intruder Paradigm: A Standardized Test for Aggression, Violence and Social Stress
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Genetics of aggressive behavior: An overview.

Kim Veroude1, Yanli Zhang-James2,3, Noèlia Fernàndez-Castillo4,5,6

  • 1Department of Cognitive Neuroscience, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboudumc, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.

American Journal of Medical Genetics. Part B, Neuropsychiatric Genetics : the Official Publication of the International Society of Psychiatric Genetics
|September 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Genetic factors explain about half of aggression variance. Future research should use the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework for better aggression measurement.

Keywords:
GWASaggressioncandidate genesgeneticsmutationstwin

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Behavioral Genetics
  • Psychiatry

Background:

  • Aggression is categorized by the Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) into frustrative non-reward, defensive, and offensive/proactive types.
  • Existing animal genetics research extensively uses defensive and offensive aggression constructs, but human studies often lack RDoC framework alignment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence for genetic underpinnings of aggression.
  • To assess the extent to which prior studies align with the RDoC aggression framework.

Main Methods:

  • Review of twin studies examining genetic and environmental influences on aggression.
  • Analysis of human molecular genetic studies, including candidate genes and genome-wide association studies (GWAS).
  • Examination of findings from animal models of aggression.

Main Results:

  • Twin studies indicate genetic factors account for approximately 50% of the variance in aggression, applicable to both dimensional and categorical measures.
  • Human molecular genetic studies are nascent, with dopaminergic and serotonergic systems, and hormonal regulators showing promise.
  • GWAS have not yet reached genome-wide significance, likely due to small sample sizes for detecting small effect sizes in complex disorders.
  • Animal models provide the strongest molecular evidence for a genetic basis of aggression.

Conclusions:

  • While genetics plays a significant role in aggression, human research requires more systematic measurement, ideally using the RDoC framework.
  • Future studies should integrate RDoC constructs to enhance the precision of aggression measurement and genetic analysis.