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Related Concept Videos

Hand hygiene01:23

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Asepsis is the practice of preventing or breaking the chain of infection. The nurse employs aseptic techniques to prevent the spread of microorganisms and reduce the risk of diseases. Hand hygiene is the cornerstone of aseptic techniques and is classified into medical and surgical asepsis. Medical asepsis includes hand hygiene and the use of gloves. Surgical asepsis, or the sterile technique, refers to practices that render and keep objects and areas free of microorganisms.
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Thiazide diuretics are sulfonamide derivatives featuring a benzothiadiazine ring system in their molecular structure. Based on this structure, thiazide diuretics can be categorized into two groups: thiazide-type and thiazide-like diuretics. Thiazide-type diuretics, including hydrochlorothiazide and chlorothiazide, consist of a benzothiadiazine backbone with an attached sulfonamide group. Thiazide-like diuretics, such as chlorthalidone and indapamide, lack the thiazide ring but demonstrate...
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Cholinergic antagonists—such as antimuscarinics—are available in oral, topical, ocular, parenteral, and inhalational formulations. Most antimuscarinics are oral formulations,  while scopolamine is available as a topical patch, and ipratropium and tiotropium are available as inhalation aerosols or powders. Atropine, tropicamide, and cyclopentolate are topically instilled in the eye. Most antimuscarinics are lipid-soluble and readily absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract and...
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Depolarizing blockers are administered through intravenous injection. Succinylcholine is the most common choice of depolarizing blockers in emergency clinical practices. Although they have a rapid onset, they readily diffuse away from the motor end plate into the extracellular fluid. They are metabolized by enzymes such as liver butyrylcholinesterase and plasma pseudocholinesterases. This produces a short duration of action, typically 5-10 minutes long, unlike nondepolarizing blockers, which...
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Indirect-acting cholinergic agonists, or anticholinesterases, enhance the body's cholinergic activity by inhibiting acetylcholine's breakdown. They are categorized as reversible or irreversible agents based on their mechanism of action. They are further classified into short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting agents based on their duration of action.
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Antimuscarinic drugs have various therapeutic applications by inhibiting parasympathetic stimulation in different systems. Here are the key therapeutic uses of antimuscarinics:    
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Chlorhexidine – history, mechanism and risks

Ayhan Yildirim1, Philipp Metzler, Heinz-Theo Lübbers

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|September 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Chlorhexidine is an antiseptic antibacterial agent used to prevent bacterial growth on skin and mucosa. While effective for gingivitis and wound care, it may cause reversible tooth discoloration and increased tartar.

Keywords:
Chlorhexidindigluconat

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Area of Science:

  • Pharmacology
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Chlorhexidine is a widely prescribed antiseptic antibacterial agent.
  • It is utilized in various medical and dental applications.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the applications and properties of Chlorhexidine.
  • To highlight its mechanism of action and potential side effects.

Main Methods:

  • Review of Chlorhexidine's established indications and properties.
  • Analysis of its antibacterial mechanism and known adverse effects.

Main Results:

  • Chlorhexidine effectively kills or inhibits bacterial growth on skin and mucosa.
  • Common applications include gingivitis treatment, wound cleansing, and pre-procedural hand hygiene.

Conclusions:

  • Chlorhexidine is a versatile antiseptic with significant antibacterial efficacy.
  • Potential side effects such as tooth discoloration and increased tartar necessitate careful patient selection.