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The Retina

The Retina

The retina is a layer of nervous tissue at the back of the eye that transduces light into neural signals. This process, called phototransduction, is carried out by rod and cone photoreceptor cells in the back of the retina.

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted With a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis

Techniques for Processing Eyes Implanted With a Retinal Prosthesis for Localized Histopathological Analysis

Published on: August 2, 2013

Retinal prostheses: progress toward the next generation implants.

¹Medtronic Chair in Neuroengineering, Center for Neuroprosthetics, Interfaculty Institute of Bioengineering, School of Engineering, École Polytechnique Fédérale de Lausanne Lausanne, Switzerland.

Frontiers in Neuroscience

|September 9, 2015

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Visual prostheses, like retinal implants, show promise in restoring sight. This review explores novel neuronal stimulation strategies and materials for next-generation implants, addressing current challenges.

Keywords:

photovoltaic stimulation retinal prosthesis thermal stimulation ultrasonic stimulation vision

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Area of Science:

Biomedical Engineering
Neuroscience
Ophthalmology

Background:

Clinical trials demonstrate the potential of visual prostheses, particularly retinal implants, to restore functional vision.
This success has spurred the development of diverse neuronal stimulation strategies for sight restoration.

Purpose of the Study:

To critically review recent advancements in retinal stimulation for vision restoration.
To highlight novel concepts and materials applied in next-generation retinal implants.
To outline the major challenges and clinical implications in the field.

Main Methods:

Review of existing literature on visual prostheses and neuronal stimulation techniques.
Focus on advancements beyond traditional electrical stimulation via metal electrodes.
Analysis of novel concepts and materials used in retinal implant development.

Main Results:

Retinal implants have proven capable of restoring useful vision.
Novel stimulation concepts and materials are integral to next-generation implants.
Significant challenges remain, impacting clinical translation.

Conclusions:

Visual prostheses represent a significant stride towards restoring sight.
Continued innovation in stimulation strategies and materials is crucial for future retinal implants.
Addressing key challenges is essential for successful clinical application.