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Novel Immune Check-Point Regulators in Tolerance Maintenance
1Merck Research Laboratories , Palo Alto, CA , USA.
Frontiers in Immunology
|September 9, 2015
Summary
Novel immunoglobulin superfamily molecules like B7-H4 and VISTA show promise for immune response modulation in diseases and transplantation. Further research is needed to overcome challenges in manipulating these molecules.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- Anti-cytotoxic lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA4) and anti-programed cell death protein 1 (PD1) therapies have advanced cancer treatment.
- The immunoglobulin (Ig) superfamily is crucial for immune regulation and tolerance maintenance.
- Recent discoveries of Ig superfamily members offer new insights into immune cell function.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the function of newly identified B7 family molecules (B7-H4, V-domain Ig Suppressor of T cell Activation (VISTA)) and butyrophilin/butyrophilin-like families.
- To discuss the clinical trial status of immunomodulatory molecules in organ transplantation.
- To explore the potential of novel Ig superfamily members in promoting immune tolerance.
Main Methods:
- Literature review of recent studies on Ig superfamily molecules.
- Analysis of clinical trial data for immunomodulatory agents in transplantation.
- Discussion of emerging research on B7-H4, VISTA, and butyrophilin families.
Main Results:
- B7-H4 and VISTA are key newly identified immunomodulatory molecules.
- Several immunomodulatory Ig superfamily members are in clinical trials for organ transplantation.
- These novel molecules hold potential for enhancing immune tolerance.
Conclusions:
- Newly identified Ig superfamily members, including B7-H4 and VISTA, are significant for immune modulation.
- Clinical applications in transplantation are advancing, with potential for tolerance induction.
- Challenges remain in effectively manipulating these molecules for therapeutic benefit.
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