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DAMPs from Cell Death to New Life
Emilie Vénéreau1, Chiara Ceriotti2, Marco Emilio Bianchi3
1Chromatin Dynamics Unit, Division of Genetics and Cell Biology, San Raffaele Scientific Institute , Milan , Italy ; HMGBiotech Srl , Milan , Italy.
Frontiers in Immunology
|September 9, 2015
Summary
Damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs) signal danger and initiate inflammation but also drive tissue repair. This review explores how DAMPs like HMGB1 and ATP contribute to both processes.
Area of Science:
- Immunology
- Cell Biology
- Molecular Biology
Background:
- The immune system detects danger signals from injured tissues, known as damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs).
- DAMPs are intracellular molecules with dual roles: alerting the body to danger and promoting inflammation and tissue regeneration.
- Both dying and stressed living cells can release DAMPs, initiating inflammatory and repair processes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the dual role of DAMPs in inflammation and tissue repair.
- To highlight the contribution of specific DAMPs, HMGB1 and adenosine triphosphate (ATP), in these processes.
Main Methods:
- This review synthesizes existing research on DAMPs, focusing on HMGB1 and ATP.
- Literature search and analysis of studies investigating DAMPs in sterile and infection-associated inflammation and tissue healing.
Main Results:
- DAMPs act as critical mediators in the body's response to tissue damage.
- HMGB1 and ATP exemplify DAMPs involved in both initiating inflammatory responses and promoting tissue regeneration.
- Understanding DAMPs' roles is crucial for developing therapeutic strategies for inflammatory diseases.
Conclusions:
- DAMPs are essential for orchestrating the complex processes of inflammation and tissue repair following injury.
- Targeting DAMP-mediated inflammation offers a potential therapeutic avenue for inflammatory diseases.
- Further research into specific DAMPs like HMGB1 and ATP can elucidate mechanisms for enhancing tissue healing.
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