Related Experiment Video
Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Identification of MyoD Interactome Using Tandem Affinity Purification Coupled to Mass Spectrometry
Published on: May 17, 2016
Syntaxin 4 regulates the surface localization of a promyogenic receptor Cdo thereby promoting myogenic
Miran Yoo1, Bok-Geon Kim2, Sang-Jin Lee1
1Research Center for Cell Fate Control, College of Pharmacy, Sookmyung Women's University, Seoul, 140-742 Republic of Korea.
Background:
Syntaxins are a family of membrane proteins involved in vesicle trafficking, such as synaptic vesicle exocytosis. Syntaxin 4 (Stx4) is expressed highly in skeletal muscle and plays a critical role in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by promoting translocation of glucose transporter 4 (GLUT4) to the cell surface. A cell surface receptor cell adhesion molecule-related, down-regulated by oncogenes (Cdo) is a component of cell adhesion complexes and promotes myoblast differentiation via activation of key signalings, including p38MAPK and AKT. In this study, we investigate the function of Stx4 in myoblast differentiation and the crosstalk between Stx4 and Cdo in myoblast differentiation.
Methods:
The effects of overexpression or shRNA-based depletion of Stx4 and Cdo genes on C2C12 myoblast differentiation are assessed by Western blotting and immunofluorescence approaches. The interaction between Cdo and Stx4 and the responsible domain mapping are assessed by coimmunoprecipitation or pulldown assays. The effect of Stx4 depletion on cell surface localization of Cdo and GLUT4 in C2C12 myoblasts is assessed by surface biotinylation and Western blotting.
Results:
Overexpression or knockdown of Stx4 enhances or inhibits myogenic differentiation, respectively. Stx4 binds to the cytoplasmic tail of Cdo, and this interaction seems to be critical for induction of p38MAPK activation and myotube formation. Stx4 depletion decreases specifically the cell surface localization of Cdo without changes in surface N-Cadherin levels. Interestingly, Cdo depletion reduces the level of GLUT4 and Stx4 at cell surface. Consistently, overexpression of Cdo in C2C12 myoblasts generally increases glucose uptake, while Cdo depletion reduces it.
Conclusions:
Stx4 promotes myoblast differentiation through interaction with Cdo and stimulation of its surface translocation. Both Cdo and Stx4 are required for GLUT4 translocation to cell surface and glucose uptake in myoblast differentiation.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Master Transcription Regulators
Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting
Overview of Secretory Vesicles
Various proteins regulate the aggregation of molecules inside the secretory vesicles. Chromogranins...
Receptor Downregulation in MVBs
The EGFR can initiate signaling pathways that lead to cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. Overexpression of EGFR stimulates cells to proliferate. Excessive EGFR...
Formation of Muscle Fibers from Myoblasts
Muscle progenitor cells (MPCs) are formed from the myotomes. MPCs express genes that encode the transcription factors Pax3 and Pax7. Along with Pax 3/7, other transcription...
Cytoskeletal Accessory Proteins

