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The Bone Matrix01:18

The Bone Matrix

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Bone contains a relatively small number of cells entrenched in a matrix of collagen fibers that provide an adherent surface for inorganic salt crystals. Both components of the matrix, organic and inorganic, contribute to the unusual properties of bone. Without collagen, bones would be brittle and shatter easily. Without mineral crystals, bones would flex and provide little support. This can be observed by an experiment: when the minerals of a bone are dissolved by soaking the bone in...
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Bone formation, or ossification, begins around the sixth to seventh week of embryonic development. Most bones develop from a cartilaginous template through the process of endochondral ossification. Cartilage formation begins when clusters of mesenchymal cells differentiate into chondrocytes. These chondrocytes proliferate rapidly and secrete an extracellular matrix that becomes encased in a membrane called the perichondrium. The resulting cartilage model provides a template that resembles the...
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Bone remodeling is a continuous and balanced process of bone resorption by osteoclasts and bone formation by osteoblasts. In adults, it helps maintain bone mass and calcium homeostasis. While mechanical stress can stimulate turnover as part of the normal maintenance and reparative process, several hormones also regulate bone remodeling.
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The minerals contained in all of the food we consume are essential for our organ systems. However, certain essential minerals, such as calcium, phosphorus, magnesium, manganese, and fluoride, largely affect bone health.
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Author Spotlight: Advanced Techniques for Characterizing Tissue Mineralization in Bone Regeneration Research
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Author Spotlight: Advanced Techniques for Characterizing Tissue Mineralization in Bone Regeneration Research

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Mathematical model for bone mineralization.

Svetlana V Komarova1, Lee Safranek2, Jay Gopalakrishnan3

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University Montreal, QC, Canada ; Shriners Hospital for Children-Canada Montreal, QC, Canada.

Frontiers in Cell and Developmental Biology
|September 9, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new mathematical model reveals how bone mineralization is regulated. It shows that hydroxyapatite formation and inhibitor levels are key to mineralization degree and timing, offering insights into bone diseases.

Keywords:
X-linked hypophosphatemiabone histomorphometrymatrix mineralizationmineralization inhibitorsnucleating centersosteogenesis imperfectaosteomalaciarickets

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Area of Science:

  • Biomathematics
  • Skeletal Biology
  • Extracellular Matrix Dynamics

Background:

  • Defective bone mineralization causes deformities and fractures.
  • The regulation of extracellular bone mineralization is not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and validate a mathematical model of bone mineralization.
  • To investigate the roles of collagen maturation, inhibitors, and mineral nucleation in mineralization patterns.

Main Methods:

  • Developed a mathematical model using ordinary differential equations.
  • Analyzed parameters influencing mineralization lag time and degree of mineralization.
  • Validated model predictions against known bone mineralization disorders.

Main Results:

  • Hydroxyapatite formation rate most affected the degree of mineralization.
  • Inhibitor homeostasis most affected mineralization lag time.
  • Matrix maturation rate could counter-intuitively increase both lag time and degree of mineralization.

Conclusions:

  • The model accurately describes nonlinear bone mineralization dynamics.
  • It can potentially predict protein function in mineralization disorders based on bone histology.