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Influence of Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine on Acute Otitis Media with Severe Middle Ear Inflammation: A

Hirotoshi Sugino1, Shigeru Tsumura2, Masaru Kunimoto3

  • 1Asa Medical Association, Hiroshima City, Japan; Sugino Pediatric Clinic, Hiroshima City, Japan.

Plos One
|September 9, 2015
PubMed

Insights

The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine significantly reduced myringotomy rates for acute otitis media in young children in Hiroshima. This suggests the vaccine lessens the need for surgical intervention and associated healthcare costs.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Otolaryngology

Background:

  • Japanese guidelines recommend myringotomy for severe acute otitis media (AOM) in children.
  • The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV7) became publicly funded in Hiroshima in January 2011.
  • AOM is a common childhood infection often requiring medical or surgical intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the impact of PCV7 public funding on the incidence of myringotomy procedures for AOM.
  • To assess changes in myringotomy rates in children under 5 and specifically in 1-year-old infants.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of myringotomy procedures for AOM performed between January 2008 and December 2012.
  • Data collected from two hospitals and five clinics in the Asa Area of Hiroshima City, Japan.
  • Comparison of procedure rates before and after the introduction of public funding for PCV7.

Main Results:

  • A total of 3,165 myringotomies for AOM were performed during the study period.
  • Myringotomy rates in children under 5 decreased by 29.1% in 2011 and 25.2% in 2012 compared to pre-funding years.
  • Myringotomy rates in 1-year-old infants significantly decreased post-PCV7 funding introduction (p<0.000001).

Conclusions:

  • PCV7 public funding is associated with a substantial reduction in myringotomy procedures for AOM.
  • The vaccine may decrease the financial burden associated with AOM treatment.
  • PCV7 may play a role in preventing severe middle ear inflammation in infants.

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