[Topical fluorides--possible side effects]

The use of topical fluoride products is established as an effective method in caries prevention and might be a considerable extra source of fluoride. Following the use of topical fluoride products variable amounts of fluoride are swallowed and adsorbed into the systemic circulation, amounts which may be sufficient to produce some effects on physiologic and biochemical processes like dental fluorosis, changes in the structure and function of the gastric mucosa, kidney function and plasma and tissue cAMP levels. These possible side effects are all, except that of dental fluorosis, transient and reversible. For the purpose of enhancing the safety of topical fluoride application, several recommendations are mentioned all of which are designed to reduce the ingestion and absorption of fluoride.