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Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

The targeted cancer therapies, also known as “molecular targeted therapies,” take advantage of the molecular and genetic differences between the cancer cells and the normal cells. It needs a thorough understanding of the cancer cells to develop drugs that can target specific molecular aspects that drive the growth, progression, and spread of cancer cells without affecting the growth and survival of other normal cells in the body.
There are several types of targeted therapies against...

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targeted Cancer Therapies

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Targets for Drug Action: Overview

Drugs target macromolecules to modify ongoing cellular processes. Primary drug targets include receptors, ion channels, transporters, and enzymes.
Receptors are either membrane-spanning or intracellular proteins, which upon binding a ligand, get activated and transmit the signal downstream to elicit a response. Drugs bind receptors, either mimicking the action of endogenous ligands or blocking the receptor activity to bring about a modified response. Nearly 35% of approved drugs target the G...

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

Inhibition of Cdk Activity

The orderly progression of the cell cycle depends on the activation of Cdk protein by binding to its cyclin partner. However, the cell cycle must be restricted when undergoing abnormal changes. Most cancers correlate to the deregulated cell cycle, and since Cdks are a central component of the cell cycle, Cdk inhibitors are extensively studied to develop anticancer agents. For instance, cyclin D associates with several Cdks, such as Cdk 4/6, to form an active complex. The cyclin D-Cdk4/6 complex...

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Pharmacogenetics of Drug Targets: β₂-Adrenergic Receptors, Apo E, Thymidylate Synthase

Genetic polymorphisms in drug targets have emerged as critical determinants of interindividual variability in drug response and toxicity. Pharmacogenomic investigations increasingly focus on identifying these variations to personalize and optimize therapeutic interventions. A drug target may be a receptor, enzyme, or signaling protein involved in pharmacologic responses or disease-related pathways. While early pharmacogenetic studies focused primarily on drug metabolism, current research...

Cancer Therapies

Cancer Therapies

Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
However, cancer treatments can pose several challenges, as therapies used to kill cancer cells are generally also toxic to normal cells. Moreover, cancer cells mutate rapidly and can develop resistance to chemical agents or radiation therapy. Besides, all types of cancer cells may not respond to the same therapy. Some cancer cells respond to one...

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Related Experiment Video

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Testing Targeted Therapies in Cancer using Structural DNA Alteration Analysis and Patient-Derived Xenografts

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Published on: July 25, 2020

Targets in anticancer research--A review.

B S Jayashree, Sukriti Nigam, Aravinda Pai

Indian Journal of Experimental Biology

|September 10, 2015

Summary

Anticancer drug development faces challenges due to drug resistance. This review explores novel targets and strategies, like cancer stem cells and monoclonal antibodies, to improve chemotherapy effectiveness.

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Area of Science:

Oncology
Pharmacology
Molecular Biology

Background:

Cancer involves disrupted cell regulation, leading to uncontrolled growth.
Current chemotherapy faces limitations due to developing drug resistance and cross-resistance.
Understanding molecular mechanisms driving cancer progression is crucial for new therapeutic strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

To review established and emerging anticancer targets.
To highlight innovative strategies in anticancer drug development.
To emphasize the integration of molecular biology with clinical data for enhanced cancer treatment.

Main Methods:

Literature review of reported anticancer targets.
Analysis of drug resistance mechanisms in chemotherapy.
Exploration of novel therapeutic strategies and targets.

Main Results:

Identified key targets including aromatase, farnesyl transferase, histone deacetylase, tyrosine kinase, and cyclin-dependent kinase.
Noted limited marketed drugs despite some candidates reaching clinical trials.
Highlighted cancer stem cells and monoclonal antibodies as promising areas.

Conclusions:

Despite progress, significant scope remains for developing novel lead compounds and therapies.
Integrating molecular biology tools with clinical trial data can improve treatment efficacy.
Continuous identification and validation of new anticancer targets are essential for overcoming drug resistance.