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Published on: July 20, 2019
Protective Effect of Solanum muricatum on Tumor Metastasis by Regulating Inflammatory Mediators and Nuclear
Kittappa Shathish1, Kunnathur Murugesan Sakthivel2, Chandrasekaran Guruvayoorappan1
1Department of Biotechnology, Karunya University, Karunya Nagar, Tamil Nadu, India.
Abstract:
Metastasis is one of the hallmarks of malignant neoplasm or cancer, which is the leading cause of death in many cancer patients. A major challenge in cancer treatment is to find better ways to specifically target tumor metastases. In this study, the anti-metastatic potential of the methanol extract of Solanum muricatum (S. muricatum) was evaluated using B16F-10 melanoma cell-induced lung metastasis in C57BL/6 mice. Treatment with S. muricatum significantly inhibited the lung tumor nodule formation and reduced the lung collagen hydroxyproline, hexosamine, and uronic acid levels (p<0.01). Similarly, serum sialic acid and γ-glutamyl transpeptidase levels were also significantly inhibited after S. muricatum treatment. The levels of proinflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, granulocyte monocyte colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF), and IL-2 in serum were significantly regulated after treatment with S. muricatum. The serum nitric oxide level was also decreased significantly and was accompanied by a decrease in inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclo- oxygenase (COX)-2 expressions after S. muricatum treatment. The present study reveals that S. muricatum treatment was able to alter the proinflammatory cytokine production as well as inhibit the activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor-κB (p65 and p50) subunits.
Insights
Solanum muricatum extract significantly inhibited lung metastasis in mice by reducing tumor nodules and regulating inflammatory markers. This study highlights its potential as an anti-cancer metastasis agent.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
- Immunology
Background:
- Metastasis is a primary cause of cancer mortality.
- Targeting tumor metastasis remains a significant challenge in cancer therapy.
- Solanum muricatum is explored for its potential anti-cancer properties.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the anti-metastatic potential of Solanum muricatum methanol extract.
- To investigate the effects of S. muricatum on lung metastasis induced by B16F-10 melanoma cells in mice.
Main Methods:
- B16F-10 melanoma cell-induced lung metastasis model in C57BL/6 mice.
- Assessment of lung tumor nodule formation.
- Quantification of lung collagen hydroxyproline, hexosamine, and uronic acid.
- Measurement of serum sialic acid, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and nitric oxide levels.
- Analysis of serum pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, GM-CSF, IL-2).
- Evaluation of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression.
- Investigation of nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathway activation.
Main Results:
- S. muricatum significantly reduced lung tumor nodule formation.
- Lung tissue biochemical markers (hydroxyproline, hexosamine, uronic acid) were decreased.
- Serum levels of sialic acid, γ-glutamyl transpeptidase, and nitric oxide were significantly inhibited.
- Pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, GM-CSF, IL-2) were regulated.
- iNOS and COX-2 expressions were decreased.
- NF-κB activation and nuclear translocation were inhibited.
Conclusions:
- Solanum muricatum exhibits significant anti-metastatic potential against lung metastasis.
- The extract modulates pro-inflammatory cytokine production and reduces key markers of metastasis.
- S. muricatum inhibits the NF-κB signaling pathway, contributing to its anti-metastatic effects.
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