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Related Concept Videos

Pain01:20

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Pain serves as a critical warning signal that alerts the body to potential or actual harm. When mechanical pressure on the skin is intense, such as from a sharp pinch, the sensation transitions from touch to pain. Similarly, extreme temperatures, like a hot pot handle, convert the sensation of heat into pain. Pain can also result from overstimulation of other senses, such as blinding light, loud noise, or the intense heat from habañero peppers. This ability to sense pain is essential for...
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Pain is critical to various clinical pathologies, provoking an urgent need for effective management. Pain, whether acute or chronic, is a complex neurochemical process. Its alleviation depends on the type, with nonopioid analgesics effective for mild to moderate pain, such as musculoskeletal or inflammatory pain, while neuropathic pain responds best to anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressants, or serotonin/norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors. For severe acute or chronic pain, opioids may be...
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Nociception01:44

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Nociception—the ability to feel pain—is essential for an organism’s survival and overall well-being. Noxious stimuli such as piercing pain from a sharp object, heat from an open flame, or contact with corrosive chemicals are first detected by sensory receptors, called nociceptors, located on nerve endings. Nociceptors express ion channels that convert noxious stimuli into electrical signals. When these signals reach the brain via sensory neurons, they are perceived as pain.
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Peripheral Artery Disease V: Postoperative Nursing Management01:23

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During the postoperative period, it is crucial to focus on maintaining circulation, identifying and managing potential complications, and planning for discharge.Nursing AssessmentVital signs monitoring: Regularly monitor vital signs, including blood pressure, heart rate, respiratory rate, and temperature, to detect early signs of complications such as bleeding and infection.Circulation assessment: Monitor pulses, perform Doppler assessments, and check capillary refill, color, temperature, and...
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Factors Affecting Perception01:25

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Perception is influenced by perceptual set, context, motivation, and emotion. Perceptual set, or perceptual expectancy, refers to the tendency to perceive things in a particular way, influenced by previous experiences and expectations. This phenomenon affects the interpretation of stimuli, creating a set of mental tendencies and assumptions that impact sensory perceptions of sound, taste, touch, and sight.
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 The nursing management of a patient with peripheral artery disease (PAD) begins with a thorough assessment of the patient’s health history and clinical manifestations.AssessmentHealth History: Evaluate the patient’s history of hypertension, hyperlipidemia, family history of cardiovascular issues, and lifestyle factors such as dietary patterns, smoking, and physical activity.Physical Examination:Assess the affected extremity for decreased or absent peripheral pulses,...
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Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Determining Pain Detection and Tolerance Thresholds Using an Integrated, Multi-Modal Pain Task Battery
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The Perceived Control Over Pain Construct and Functional Status.

April Hazard Vallerand1, Jamie Crawley2, Barbara Pieper3

  • 1*Wayne State University, College of Nursing, Detroit, Michigan, USA April.vallerand@wayne.edu.

Pain Medicine (Malden, Mass.)
|September 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Perceived control over pain significantly impacts functional status in low-income adults. Enhancing this perceived control can improve life satisfaction and overall functioning for individuals experiencing pain.

Keywords:
Functional StatusPerceived Control Over PainStructural Equation Model

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Area of Science:

  • Health Psychology
  • Clinical Research
  • Pain Management

Background:

  • Belief in pain control is a key health outcome predictor.
  • It is linked to better functional status.
  • This study introduces a novel formulation of Perceived Control Over Pain (PCOP).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce and define the Perceived Control Over Pain construct.
  • To test the effects of PCOP on functional status.
  • To explore PCOP in low-income, minority populations.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional design with 301 low-income, primarily African American adults reporting pain.
  • Confirmatory factor analysis and structural equation modeling were used.
  • PCOP comprised specific pain control and general life control measures.

Main Results:

  • The model showed good construct validity for pain, PCOP, and functional status.
  • PCOP partially but strongly mediated the relationship between pain and function.
  • PCOP accounted for a 29% reduction in pain's effect on functional status.

Conclusions:

  • Perceived control over pain is crucial for functional outcomes in low-income minority groups.
  • Interventions to improve PCOP may enhance life control and functioning.
  • Addressing PCOP can improve psychological and physical well-being in adults with pain.