The Thoracic Cage: Ribs
Abdominal Regions and Quadrants
Muscles of the Abdomen
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Multilevel Oblique Lumbar Interbody Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Disc Disease with Instability
Published on: July 25, 2025
Islam Aly1, Jens R Chapman2, Rod J Oskouian2
1Seattle Science Foundation, Seattle, WA, USA.
Lumbar ribs are rare anatomical variations that can be mistaken for fractures or lead to surgical errors. Understanding these structures improves diagnostic accuracy and surgical planning.
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