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Updated: Apr 4, 2026
A Syngeneic Mouse Model of Metastatic Renal Cell Carcinoma for Quantitative and Longitudinal Assessment of Preclinical Therapies
Published on: April 12, 2017
Overview and management of toxicities associated with systemic therapies for advanced renal cell carcinoma
Anh Pham1, Da-Wei Ye2, Sumanta Pal1
1Department of Medical Oncology, City of Hope Comprehensive Cancer Center, Los Angeles, CA.
Abstract:
The advent of novel targeted agents for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) has offered clinical benefits over traditional immunotherapy (e.g., interleukin-2 and interferon-α) in both efficacy and safety profiles. The major classes of these targeted therapies for metastatic RCC include the tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, monoclonal antibody against vascular endothelial growth factor, and inhibitors of the mammalian target of rapamycin. Most recently, the success of immune checkpoint inhibitors--notably antibodies directed against programmed death-1 and its ligand--has also been demonstrated in RCC. With such progress in therapy, early detection, and subsequent management of treatment-related adverse events allow for patients to remain on active therapy for as long as possible and also enhance the probability of patients tolerating subsequent second line options. However, despite such impressive gains in efficacy with these new agents, therapeutic progress are primarily palliative in nature--hence, the critical importance of minimizing discomfort and potential harm in this patient population cannot be understated.
Insights
Novel targeted therapies, including tyrosine-kinase inhibitors and immune checkpoint inhibitors, improve outcomes for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) patients. Effective management of side effects is crucial for sustained treatment and improved quality of life.
Area of Science:
- Oncology
- Pharmacology
Background:
- Metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) treatment has evolved from traditional immunotherapy to targeted agents.
- Targeted therapies offer improved efficacy and safety profiles compared to older treatments.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the advancements in targeted therapies for metastatic RCC.
- To highlight the importance of managing treatment-related adverse events.
Main Methods:
- Review of current literature on targeted agents for metastatic RCC.
- Analysis of major drug classes: tyrosine-kinase inhibitors, anti-VEGF monoclonal antibodies, mTOR inhibitors, and immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Main Results:
- Targeted agents demonstrate significant clinical benefits in efficacy and safety for metastatic RCC.
- Immune checkpoint inhibitors (anti-PD-1/PD-L1) show recent success in RCC treatment.
- Early detection and management of adverse events are key to prolonged therapy and tolerance of subsequent treatments.
Conclusions:
- Despite palliative nature, targeted therapies represent major progress in metastatic RCC management.
- Minimizing patient discomfort and harm is paramount for optimizing therapeutic outcomes and quality of life.
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