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Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest01:11

Pressure Variation in a Fluid at Rest

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In a fluid at rest, the pressure at any point beneath the fluid surface depends solely on the depth, not on the container's shape or size. This principle, known as hydrostatic pressure, arises because, in stationary fluids, there is no acceleration, meaning the forces within the fluid balance out. Only vertical forces, caused by the weight of the fluid above, contribute to pressure changes with depth.
When measuring pressure at two different levels within the fluid, the difference in...
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Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Variable Width01:02

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When a flat plate is submerged in a fluid, the fluid exerts pressure on the plate. This pressure can lead to many different phenomena, including drag and buoyancy. To understand the behavior of the fluid over a flat plate of variable width, it is essential to analyze the distribution of the pressure exerted.
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Fluid Pressure over Curved Plate of Constant Width01:12

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When a curved plate of constant width is submerged in a liquid, the pressure acting normal to the plate varies continuously both in magnitude and direction. Calculating the magnitude and location of the resultant force at a point is often challenging for such cases. One of the methods to determine the resultant force and its location involves separately calculating the horizontal and vertical components of the resultant force. This complex calculation can be simplified by representing the...
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Fluid Pressure over Flat Plate of Constant Width01:05

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When a body is submerged in water, it experiences fluid pressure acting normal on its surface and distributed over its area. For better design structures, it is crucial to determine the magnitude and location of the resultant force acting on the surface. In the case of a rectangular plate of constant width submerged in water, the pressure increases with depth, resulting in a linearly varying trapezoidal pressure distribution from the upper to the lower edge of the plate.
The resultant force...
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Pressure Relationships in Thoracic Cavity01:24

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Breathing, otherwise known as pulmonary ventilation, is the process of air movement into and out of the lungs. The main mechanisms propelling pulmonary ventilation are atmospheric pressure (Patm), intra-pulmonary (Ppul ) or intra-alveolar pressure (Palv) within the alveoli, and intrapleural pressure (Pip) within the pleural cavity.
Breathing Mechanisms
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Static, Stagnation, Dynamic and Total Pressure01:24

Static, Stagnation, Dynamic and Total Pressure

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The concept of static, stagnation, dynamic, and total pressure is fundamental in fluid dynamics, often explained using Bernoulli's equation:
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Fabrication of Compressed Hosiery and Measurement of its Pressure Characteristic Exerted on the Lower Limbs
08:39

Fabrication of Compressed Hosiery and Measurement of its Pressure Characteristic Exerted on the Lower Limbs

Published on: May 27, 2020

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Simulated pressure changes in multilayer, multicomponent wrap systems when transitioning from rest to standing.

M Hegarty-Craver1, E Grant1, S Kravitz2,3,4

  • 1North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC.

Journal of Wound Care
|September 10, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Multilayer, multicomponent wrap systems applied consistent sub-bandage pressure regardless of patient posture. This research indicates that therapeutic pressure is maintained when using these compression wraps as intended.

Keywords:
2-layer compression4-layer compressionLaplace's lawcompression therapymultilayer bandage systems

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Orthopedics
  • Vascular Medicine

Background:

  • Compression therapy is crucial for managing various lower limb conditions.
  • Understanding the impact of patient posture on applied pressure is vital for effective treatment.
  • Multilayer, multicomponent wrap systems are commonly used in compression therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the sub-bandage pressure exerted by multilayer, multicomponent wrap systems on the lower leg.
  • To determine if patient posture (rest, dorsiflexion, standing) affects applied pressure.
  • To evaluate the pressure changes under different wrap layers and elasticities.

Main Methods:

  • Tested five multilayer, multicomponent wrap systems (2-layer and 4-layer).
  • Quantified stretch profiles using a tensile testing device.
  • Measured lower leg circumference in healthy participants at ankle, B1 level, and calf in three postures.

Main Results:

  • Simulated pressure changes using Laplace's Law based on circumference changes.
  • Pressure changes ranged from 5-10mmHg for elastic products; larger for zinc plaster.
  • Leg circumference decreased from sitting to standing, reducing bandage tension and pressure.

Conclusions:

  • Sub-bandage pressure is not significantly affected by changes in patient posture when wraps are used as intended.
  • The therapeutic range of pressure is maintained across different positions.
  • Elasticity of the wrap system plays a role in pressure consistency.