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Related Experiment Videos

[Schedule sensitivity in human operant behavior: instructed versus shaped verbal behavior].

K Kimoto1, S Shimamune, M Jitsumori

  • 1Department of Psychology, Chiba University.

Shinrigaku Kenkyu : the Japanese Journal of Psychology
|December 1, 1989
PubMed
Summary

Shaping rules led to more sensitive responding to schedule changes than instructed rules in undergraduate students. This highlights the effectiveness of shaping in promoting adaptive behavior under changing reinforcement schedules.

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Area of Science:

  • Behavioral Psychology
  • Operant Conditioning

Background:

  • Understanding how individuals adapt to changing reinforcement schedules is crucial in behavioral psychology.
  • Previous research has explored the impact of instructions versus shaping on learning and performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the effectiveness of instructed versus shaped rules in promoting schedule sensitivity.
  • To investigate how different rule-acquisition methods influence responding during schedule changes.

Main Methods:

  • Undergraduate students participated in a button-pressing task with a multiple random-ratio random-interval schedule for points exchangeable for money.
  • Subjects were divided into an instructed group and a shaped group, with the latter receiving differential points for correct guesses.
  • Schedule contingencies were manipulated in 'contact' and 'no-contact' conditions to assess performance changes.

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Main Results:

  • The shaped group demonstrated greater sensitivity to schedule changes in the contact condition compared to the instructed group.
  • Instructed group performance only adapted after encountering an extinction schedule, unlike the shaped group.
  • Reintroduction of the no-contact condition showed continued sensitive responding in the shaped group, but not the instructed group.

Conclusions:

  • Shaped rules enhance schedule sensitivity more effectively than instructed rules.
  • Prior experience with schedule contingencies, particularly through shaping, increases adaptive responding.
  • This study underscores the power of shaping in fostering flexible and responsive behavior in changing environments.