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Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems01:28

Phase Diagrams of Ternary Systems

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Consider a ternary system, which is composed of three components: water (W), ethanoic acid (E), and trichloromethane (T). Here, Ethanoic acid (E) is fully miscible with both water (W) and trichloromethane (T), meaning it can mix entirely with either of them. However, water and trichloromethane have partial miscibility, meaning they can only mix to a certain extent, beyond which two separate phases will form.The phase diagram of a ternary system is represented as an equilateral triangle, where...
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Phase transitions play an important theoretical and practical role in the study of heat flow. In melting or fusion, a solid turns into a liquid; the opposite process is freezing. In evaporation, a liquid turns into a gas; the opposite process is condensation.
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The temperature-composition phase diagram of two solids, A and B, which are immiscible in the solid phase but form miscible liquids, shows that when the temperature is low, these two exist as separate, pure solids (A and B). As the temperature increases, they transition into a single-phase liquid solution where A and B coexist. Moving from point a1 to a2 in the phase diagram, the composition changes such that solid B begins to separate from the solution, enriching the remaining liquid with A.
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A phase diagram combines plots of pressure versus temperature for the liquid-gas, solid-liquid, and solid-gas phase-transition equilibria of a substance. These diagrams indicate the physical states that exist under specific conditions of pressure and temperature and also provide the pressure dependence of the phase-transition temperatures (melting points, sublimation points, boiling points). Regions or areas labeled solid, liquid, and gas represent single phases, while lines or curves represent...
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The phase of a given substance depends on the pressure and temperature. Thus, plots of pressure versus temperature showing the phase in each region provide considerable insights into the thermal properties of substances. Such plots are known as phase diagrams. For instance, in the phase diagram for water (Figure 1), the solid curve boundaries between the phases indicate phase transitions (i.e., temperatures and pressures at which the phases coexist).
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A phase diagram is a graphical representation of the physical states of a substance under different conditions of temperature and pressure. It shows the boundaries between solid, liquid, and gas phases and the conditions at which these phases coexist in equilibrium. An area in a phase diagram represents a single phase, whereas lines or phase boundaries represent the equilibrium between two phases.In the phase diagram of water, the boundary line between the solid and liquid states illustrates...
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Thermal Characterization of Lauric-Stearic Acid/Expanded Graphite Eutectic Mixture as Phase Change Materials.

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    Adding expanded graphite to lauric acid-stearic acid mixtures significantly improves thermal conductivity. This enhancement makes these phase change materials (PCMs) more suitable for applications requiring efficient heat transfer.

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    Area of Science:

    • Materials Science
    • Chemical Engineering

    Background:

    • Lauric acid (LA) and stearic acid (SA) form a eutectic mixture with desirable phase change properties.
    • Poor thermal conductivity limits the application of LA-SA eutectic mixtures as phase change materials (PCMs).

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To enhance the thermal conductivity of LA-SA eutectic mixtures.
    • To investigate the phase change behavior, microstructure, thermal conductivity, and stability of LA-SA/expanded graphite (EG) composites.

    Main Methods:

    • Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) for phase change analysis.
    • Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) for microstructural examination.
    • Transient plane source (TPS) and thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) for thermal conductivity and stability assessment.

    Main Results:

    • A eutectic mixture of 76.3 wt% LA and 23.7 wt% SA was identified, melting at 38.99 °C with a latent heat of 159.94 J/g.
    • Expanded graphite (EG) effectively absorbed the molten fatty acids within its porous structure.
    • The addition of 10 wt% EG significantly improved the thermal conductivity of the LA-SA PCM.

    Conclusions:

    • The LA-SA eutectic mixture exhibits excellent phase change properties.
    • Incorporation of EG enhances the thermal conductivity of LA-SA PCMs without compromising thermal stability.
    • EG-enhanced LA-SA mixtures are promising for thermal energy storage applications.