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Related Concept Videos

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Radiological Investigation III: Pulmonary Angiogram and PET Scan01:13

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Radiological investigations are paramount in the diagnosis and management of various pulmonary diseases. Two essential investigations are the Pulmonary Angiogram and the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) Scan.
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Imaging Studies VII: Vascular Imaging01:19

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DefinitionRenal angiography, also known as renal arteriography, is an imaging technique used to obtain a comprehensive view of blood flow and the vascular structure of blood vessels in the kidneys and surrounding areas.PurposeRenal angiography detects blood vessel abnormalities in the kidneys, such as aneurysms, stenosis, thrombosis, vascular tumors, and renal artery stenosis. It evaluates kidney function and guides interventional treatments like angioplasty or stent placement.Pre-Procedure...
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Imaging Studies I: Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder Studies01:28

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Kidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) StudiesKidney, Ureter, and Bladder (KUB) studies are standard diagnostic imaging procedures used to assess the anatomy of the urinary system. They are commonly utilized for patients experiencing abdominal pain or urinary symptoms. By using a simple X-ray of the abdomen, KUB studies can reveal structural and pathological abnormalities within the kidneys, ureters, and bladder. These studies are particularly valuable in diagnosing kidney stones, urinary...
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Cardiac catheterization is an invasive diagnostic technique used to identify and evaluate structural and functional diseases of the heart and major blood vessels. This technique diagnoses congenital heart disease, coronary artery disease, valvular heart disease, and coronary spasms and assesses ventricular function. It helps guide treatment decisions, including the need for revascularization procedures like percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) or coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) and...
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Management of renal calculi focuses on effective strategies like tailored nutrition and hydration therapy. Adjusting diet and fluid intake reduces stone formation and recurrence, making these interventions simple yet powerful in kidney stone prevention and management.Understanding Kidney StonesKidney stones form when calcium, oxalate, uric acid, and cystine concentrate and crystallize in urine. Factors contributing to their formation include genetic predisposition, certain medical conditions,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Reduction of Radiation Exposure during Endovascular Treatment of Peripheral Arterial Disease Combining Fiber Optic RealShape Technology and Intravascular Ultrasound
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Minimizing radiation exposure during percutaneous nephrolithotomy.

T T Chen1, G M Preminger, M E Lipkin

  • 1School of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC, USA - michael.lipkin@duke.edu.

Minerva Urologica E Nefrologica = the Italian Journal of Urology and Nephrology
|September 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Patients undergoing percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) face significant radiation exposure risks. This review highlights strategies, including imaging guidance and alternative techniques, to minimize radiation for both patients and urologists during PNL procedures.

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Medical Imaging
  • Radiation Safety

Background:

  • Increasing per capita radiation doses from medical imaging raise patient safety concerns.
  • Percutaneous nephrolithotomy (PNL) poses a high risk of radiation exposure to patients and urologists.
  • Factors like high BMI, multiple access tracts, and stone burden exacerbate radiation exposure during PNL.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current trends in radiation exposure related to PNL.
  • To identify and discuss methods for reducing radiation exposure during PNL.
  • To inform urologists about radiation reduction strategies for optimal patient care.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent trends in radiation exposure.
  • Analysis of risk factors contributing to elevated radiation doses in PNL.
  • Evaluation of techniques and technologies aimed at radiation dose reduction.

Main Results:

  • PNL patients and urologists are subject to substantial radiation doses.
  • Several factors increase radiation exposure during PNL.
  • Various strategies, including ALARA principles and advanced imaging, can mitigate exposure.

Conclusions:

  • Adherence to As Low As Reasonably Achievable (ALARA) principles is crucial.
  • Utilizing imaging techniques like ultrasound and alternative surgical approaches can significantly reduce radiation.
  • Awareness and application of these techniques enhance urologist's ability to provide safe, high-quality care for kidney stone patients.