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Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management01:25

Urinary Tract Calculi VI: Surgical Management

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Procedures for Kidney StonesMedical intervention is necessary when kidney stones or renal calculi are too large to pass spontaneously (typically greater than 5 millimeters) when stones are accompanied by symptomatic infection (such as fever or pyelonephritis), when they impair kidney function, or when they cause persistent symptoms like severe pain, nausea, or urinary retention. Additionally, patients with only one kidney or those who cannot be treated with medical management also require...
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Urinary Tract Calculi III: Medical Management01:30

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The diagnosis of renal calculi involves several imaging techniques, including non-contrast CT scans and ultrasound. These methods help visualize kidney stones, assess their size and location, and detect possible obstructions. Additionally, Measuring urine pH is useful for diagnosing specific stone types, such as struvite (alkaline pH) and uric acid stones (acidic pH). Cystine stones are primarily linked to cystinuria, a genetic condition. A urinalysis helps detect blood in the urine (hematuria)...
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Urinary Tract Calculi II: Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations01:26

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Renal calculi, commonly termed kidney stones, are crystalline solid masses that form in the kidneys but can occur at any point within the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and urethra.The pathophysiology of renal stones involves several key factors: supersaturation of the urine with stone-forming constituents, changes in urine pH, a decrease in urine volume, and the presence of substances that promote or inhibit stone formation.Supersaturation of Urine: This is the...
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Imaging Studies III: Computed Tomography01:27

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DefinitionComputed Tomography (CT) of the genitourinary (GU) tract is a non-invasive imaging modality that utilizes X-rays and computer processing to generate detailed cross-sectional images of the urinary system, encompassing the kidneys, ureters, bladder, and adjacent structures such as the adrenal glands.PurposeCT scans of the GU tract serve several diagnostic and therapeutic purposes, including:Diagnosis of Urinary Tract Diseases: Detects kidney stones, tumors, cysts, and congenital...
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Urinary Tract Calculi I: Introduction01:28

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Renal calculi, or kidney stones, are solid deposits of minerals and salts formed inside the kidneys. In medical terminology, "calculus" refers to the stone itself, while "lithiasis" describes the process of stone formation. Depending on their location within the urinary system, these stones may be classified as either urolithiasis, when situated within the urinary tract, or nephrolithiasis, when located within the kidneys. Each term signifies the specific impact of the stone.Predisposition...
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Cancer therapies are various modes of treatment, such as surgery, radiation therapy, and chemotherapy that are administered to cancer patients.
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A Murine Orthotopic Bladder Tumor Model and Tumor Detection System
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Urologic cancer in Thailand.

Bannakij Lojanapiwat1

  • 1Division of Urology, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai, Thailand dr.bannakij@gmail.com.

Japanese Journal of Clinical Oncology
|September 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary

Urologic cancers like prostate, bladder, and kidney cancer are rising in Thailand, particularly affecting lower socioeconomic groups. Early detection strategies and minimally invasive treatments are crucial for managing these common cancers.

Keywords:
bladder cancerdiagnosiskidney cancermanagementprostate cancer

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Oncology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Urologic cancers (prostate, bladder, kidney) represent a significant and increasing health burden in Thailand.
  • These cancers disproportionately affect lower socioeconomic groups, often diagnosed at advanced stages.
  • Prostate cancer is the 4th most common cancer in males in Thailand.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the increasing prevalence of urologic cancers in Thailand.
  • To discuss challenges in managing these cancers, especially in vulnerable populations.
  • To emphasize the importance of early detection and modern treatment strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of cancer prevalence data (GLOBOCAN) in Thailand.
  • Review of common histopathological findings for kidney and bladder cancers.
  • Discussion of current treatment modalities, including minimally invasive surgery and androgen deprivation therapy.

Main Results:

  • A rising trend in urologic cancer incidence in Thailand.
  • Kidney cancer commonly presents as renal cell carcinoma; bladder cancer as transitional cell carcinoma.
  • A shift towards earlier stage detection is observed, likely due to increased awareness and screening.

Conclusions:

  • Thai urologists play a vital role in developing strategies for early cancer detection.
  • Minimally invasive surgical techniques are becoming standard for early-stage urologic cancers.
  • Addressing socioeconomic disparities is key to improving outcomes for urologic cancer patients in Thailand.