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Nonceliac Gluten Sensitivity.

Maria Vazquez-Roque1, Amy S Oxentenko2

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|September 11, 2015
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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) causes digestive and other symptoms after eating gluten. Diagnosis is challenging due to overlapping conditions and lack of biomarkers, requiring exclusion of celiac disease and wheat allergy.

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Area of Science:

  • Gastroenterology
  • Immunology
  • Dietary Science

Background:

  • Nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS) presents with gastrointestinal and extraintestinal symptoms linked to gluten intake.
  • NCGS shares clinical features with celiac disease (CD) and wheat allergy (WA), but differs in underlying mechanisms.
  • The pathophysiology of NCGS may involve innate immunity, contrasting with autoimmune (CD) and allergic (WA) responses.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the current understanding of nonceliac gluten sensitivity (NCGS).
  • To highlight diagnostic challenges and potential triggers beyond gluten.
  • To emphasize the need for further research into NCGS pathogenesis and biomarkers.

Main Methods:

  • Clinical evaluation involving exclusion of celiac disease and wheat allergy.
  • Dietary elimination of gluten followed by monitored open gluten challenge to assess symptom recurrence.
  • Review of existing literature on NCGS symptoms, triggers, and diagnostic approaches.

Main Results:

  • NCGS symptoms manifest within hours or days of gluten ingestion and resolve with gluten elimination.
  • Fermentable oligosaccharides, disaccharides, monosaccharides, and polyols are implicated as potential triggers alongside gluten.
  • A definitive diagnostic biomarker for NCGS is currently unavailable.

Conclusions:

  • Diagnosis of NCGS requires excluding celiac disease and wheat allergy.
  • A gluten-free diet and careful dietary challenge can aid in suspected NCGS cases.
  • Further research is crucial for understanding NCGS epidemiology, pathogenesis, and developing diagnostic biomarkers.