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Related Concept Videos

Actuarial Approach01:20

Actuarial Approach

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The actuarial approach, a statistical method originally developed for life insurance risk assessment, is widely used to calculate survival rates in clinical and population studies. This method accounts for participants lost to follow-up or those who die from causes unrelated to the study, ensuring a more accurate representation of survival probabilities.
Consider the example of a high-risk surgical procedure with significant early-stage mortality. A two-year clinical study is conducted,...
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Life Tables01:22

Life Tables

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A life table is a statistical tool that summarizes the mortality and survival patterns of a population, providing detailed insights into the likelihood of survival or death across different age intervals within a cohort. By organizing data on survival probabilities and mortality rates, life tables offer a clear snapshot of population dynamics over time. They are extensively used in demography, public health, actuarial science, and ecology to analyze life expectancy, design health interventions,...
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Testing a Claim about Mean: Known Population SD01:11

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A complete procedure of testing the hypothesis about a population mean is explained here.
Estimating a population mean requires the samples to be distributed normally. The data should be collected from the randomly selected samples having no sampling bias. The sample size needed to be higher than 30, and most importantly, the population standard deviation should be already known.
In most realistic situations, the population standard deviation is often unknown, but in rare circumstances, when it...
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Regression Toward the Mean01:52

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Regression toward the mean (“RTM”) is a phenomenon in which extremely high or low values—for example, and individual’s blood pressure at a particular moment—appear closer to a group’s average upon remeasuring. Although this statistical peculiarity is the result of random error and chance, it has been problematic across various medical, scientific, financial and psychological applications. In particular, RTM, if not taken into account, can interfere when...
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Unusual Results01:16

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Unusual results are those that have a very low chance of occurring. Unusual results can be identified using probabilities and the range rule of thumb. In problems involving probability, unusual results can be observed in 2 instances – an unusually high number of successes or an unusually low number of successes.
According to the range rule of thumb, any value above or below two standard deviations, 2σ  from the mean, μ  is considered unusual.
Maximum unusual value =...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Apr 4, 2026

Modified MicroSecure Vitrification: A Safe, Simple and Highly Effective Cryopreservation Procedure for Human Blastocysts
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Determining Live Birth: An Unusual Case.

Yeliena Baber1, Linda Iles, Chris OʼDonnell

  • 1From the Victorian Institute of Forensic Medicine and Department of Forensic Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia.

The American Journal of Forensic Medicine and Pathology
|September 11, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Premature twins were discovered after a mother

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Area of Science:

  • Forensic pathology
  • Neonatal autopsy

Background:

  • Premature birth outside a hospital setting presents diagnostic challenges.
  • Home births require careful forensic investigation in cases of infant mortality.

Observation:

  • Two infants were found concealed post-delivery.
  • One infant showed signs of maceration, indicating intrauterine demise.
  • The second infant exhibited signs suggestive of live birth.

Findings:

  • Autopsy and postmortem computed tomographic (CT) scans were performed on both twins.
  • Evidence of air entry into the lungs was observed in the non-macerated infant.
  • Histology and CT scans corroborated the findings of air in the lungs, suggesting respiration.

Implications:

  • Distinguishing between intrauterine and extrauterine fetal demise is critical in forensic cases.
  • The presence of air in the lungs is a key indicator of live birth.
  • Forensic evaluation methods like CT scans aid in determining the viability of newborns.