The Role of MicroRNA in Hepatitis C Virus Replication

Hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection is a major global health problem. There is no effective vaccine and the current treatment regimen with pegylated interferon α and ribavirin is associated with significant adverse events. Therefore, there is an urgent need to identify new antiviral targets for HCV therapy. In recent years, a growing number of microRNAs (miRNAs) have been reported to be able to regulate HCV replication and infection by interacting with the HCV genome directly or by regulating host innate immunity to build a nonspecific antiviral state within cells. In this review, we discuss HCV virology and standard of care followed by miRNA in general, and then give a brief overview of miRNAs involved in HCV infection and discuss their potential application as a therapeutic option for the treatment of HCV infection.