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Clinical Features and Outcomes of Pasteurella multocida Infection

Antonio Giordano1, Toros Dincman, Benjamin E Clyburn

  • 1From the Department of Internal Medicine (AG, TD, BEC, DCR); and Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Department of Medicine, Charleston, South Carolina (LLS).

Medicine
|September 11, 2015
PubMed

Insights

Pasteurella multocida infections without an animal bite are linked to higher risks of bacteremia, hospitalization, and mortality. These non-bite cases often indicate severe underlying conditions and require intensive care.

Area of Science:

  • Infectious Diseases
  • Bacteriology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Pasteurella multocida is a zoonotic bacterium commonly associated with animal bites.
  • Clinical presentation and outcomes of P. multocida infections can vary significantly.
  • Understanding non-bite-related infections is crucial for comprehensive patient management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To characterize clinical features and outcomes of P. multocida infections.
  • To compare P. multocida infections with and without a history of animal bites.
  • To identify risk factors and prognostic indicators in P. multocida infections.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective cohort study of patients with positive P. multocida cultures (2000-2014).
  • Data abstraction included clinical details, comorbidities (Charlson Comorbidity Index - CCI), and outcomes.
  • Statistical analysis to compare patient groups based on the presence or absence of an animal bite.

Main Results:

  • 44 patients identified; 25 had animal bites.
  • Non-bite P. multocida infections were associated with higher rates of bacteremia (37% vs 4%) and hospitalization (84% vs 44%).
  • Severe comorbidities (CCI ≥1) and intensive care unit (ICU) needs were more frequent in non-bite cases; all 4 deaths occurred in non-bitten patients.

Conclusions:

  • P. multocida infections unrelated to animal bites present with more severe clinical manifestations.
  • Non-bite P. multocida infections are often linked to significant comorbidities and poorer outcomes.
  • Early recognition and management are vital for P. multocida infections, especially in non-bite scenarios.

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