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Genetic and evolutionary fitness.

American Journal of Medical Genetics

|January 1, 1978

Summary

Evolutionary fitness and genetic fitness are compared. While equivalent in deterministic models, they diverge in stochastic processes, with genetic fitness being more practical for large mutant populations, though evolutionary fitness better informs evolutionary studies.

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Area of Science:

Population Genetics
Evolutionary Biology
Quantitative Genetics

Background:

Distinguishing between evolutionary fitness and genetic fitness is crucial for understanding population dynamics.
Genetic fitness (mean fecundity) and evolutionary fitness (mutant line survival probability) have different implications in deterministic versus stochastic models.

Purpose of the Study:

To compare the advantages and disadvantages of evolutionary and genetic fitness measures.
To investigate the relationship between family size distribution (mean and variance) and evolutionary fitness.
To analyze empirical data to compare different fitness measures including genetic fitness, Crow's index, and Malthusian parameter against evolutionary fitness.

Main Methods:

Comparison of theoretical definitions of evolutionary and genetic fitness under deterministic and stochastic branching processes.
Analysis of the impact of selection on various probability distributions (binomial, Poisson, negative binomial, truncated negative binomial).
Empirical analysis of parent-to-child character transmission data to compare fitness metrics.

Main Results:

Evolutionary and genetic fitness are equivalent for deterministic processes but can be unrelated in stochastic branching processes.
Genetic fitness of unity or less implies zero evolutionary fitness; variance in family size, alongside the mean, improves evolutionary fitness approximation.
Empirical data show fair, but imperfect, agreement between genetic fitness, Crow's index, Malthusian parameter, and evolutionary fitness.

Conclusions:

Evolutionary fitness is more relevant for evolution and genetic counseling, while genetic fitness is more practical for large mutant numbers.
Population geneticists must consider the variance of family size, not just the mean, for accurate evolutionary fitness assessment.
Further research into higher moments of family size distribution may yield additional insights into evolutionary fitness.

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