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Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS01:17

Drugs for Treatment of Diarrhea-Predominant IBS

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Diarrhea-predominant irritable bowel syndrome (IBS-D) is a subtype of IBS characterized primarily by frequent, loose, or watery stools, abdominal pain, and abdominal discomfort. Therapeutic approaches to managing IBS-D include dietary changes, stress management techniques, and pharmaceutical interventions.
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Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
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Urinary Bladder

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The urinary bladder is a hollow, muscular sac that temporarily stores urine before it is expelled from the body. It can hold approximately 600 mL of urine prior to micturition. The bladder is retroperitoneal and located behind the pubic symphysis in the pelvic floor.
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Urinary Tract Infection III: Diagnostic Studies and Interprofessional Care01:30

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A healthcare provider can diagnose a urinary tract infection (UTI) through several methods:Medical History and Symptoms: The provider will take a detailed medical history and ask about symptoms such as frequent urination, burning sensation during urination, and lower abdominal pain.Urinalysis: A clean-catch urine sample is collected in a sterile container and tested for the presence of bacteria, white blood cells (leukocytes), nitrites, blood, and protein. The presence of leukocytes and...
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Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Opioids as Antidiarrheal Agents01:17

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Diarrhea, a condition marked by frequent loose or watery bowel movements, can be triggered by multiple factors such as viral or bacterial infections, food intolerances, anxiety, medications, and digestive disorders. Symptoms may include abdominal pain, bloating, nausea, and cramping. Severe or prolonged diarrhea can lead to complications like electrolyte imbalances, malnutrition, and dehydration if left untreated.
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Serotonin, a crucial neurotransmitter synthesized by enterochromaffin cells, plays a cardinal role in regulating gastrointestinal (GI) motility. With over 90% of the body's total serotonin in the GI tract, its influence on digestive processes is profound. Serotonin is swiftly released upon various stimuli, such as food boluses or certain drugs, triggering intrinsic sensory neurons in the myenteric plexus and extrinsic vagal and spinal sensory neurons. This leads to the activation of the...
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Emerging drugs for overactive bladder.

Roopali Karmarkar1, Vik Khullar2

  • 1a 1 Clinical Research Fellow, St Mary's Hospital, Imperial College, Urogynaecology Department , London, UK +44 0 79 83 41 40 71 ; roopalikarmarkar@gmail.com.

Expert Opinion on Emerging Drugs
|September 12, 2015
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Overactive bladder (OAB) treatments are evolving. Newer medications and therapies show promise for improved efficacy and reduced side effects in managing OAB symptoms.

Keywords:
antimuscarinicbotulinum toxin Adetrusor overactivityincontinenceoveractive bladderβ3-agonist

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Area of Science:

  • Urology
  • Pharmacology
  • Medical Technology

Background:

  • Overactive bladder (OAB) significantly impacts patient quality of life.
  • Current OAB treatments have notable adverse effects, necessitating improved options.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review established and emerging treatments for overactive bladder (OAB).
  • To discuss the efficacy and tolerability of novel therapeutic approaches for OAB.

Main Methods:

  • Review of established treatments including antimuscarinics, mirabegron, and botulinum toxin A.
  • Discussion of ongoing Phase II and III trials for novel β3-agonists, combination therapies, targeted secretion inhibitors (TSI), and liposome-integrated botulinum toxin A.
  • Exploration of emerging treatments like gene therapy.

Main Results:

  • Newer antimuscarinics demonstrate improved tolerability.
  • Mirabegron shows enhanced effectiveness in severe OAB cases based on long-term data.
  • Combination therapies may offer superior efficacy with fewer adverse effects.

Conclusions:

  • Emerging treatments such as targeted secretion inhibitors (TSI), lipotoxin, and gene therapy present promising avenues for OAB management.
  • Advancements in OAB pharmacotherapy and treatment modalities are crucial for better patient outcomes.